scholarly journals Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors as therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis: current evidence and future perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Latronico ◽  
Grazia Liuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals Exercise in the management of multiple sclerosis relapses: current evidence and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Rooney ◽  
Hani Albalawi ◽  
Lorna Paul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Perspectives

Relapses are a common feature of multiple sclerosis; however, recovery from relapses is often incomplete, with up to half of people experiencing residual disabilities postrelapse. Therefore, treatments are required to promote recovery of function and reduce the extent of residual disabilities postrelapse. Accordingly, this Perspective article explores the role of exercise in relapse management. Current evidence from two studies suggests that exercise in combination with steroid therapy improves disability and quality of life postrelapse, and may be more beneficial in promoting relapse recovery than steroid therapy alone. However, given the small number of studies and methodological limitations, further studies are required to understand the effects of exercise in relapse management and the mechanism through which exercise influences relapse recovery.

Brain anatomical correlates of fatigue in multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklos Palotai ◽  
Charles RG Guttmann
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Fatigue Management ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Brain Circuitry

Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its clinical significance, the aetiology and pathophysiology of MS-related fatigue are not well understood. Current evidence and understanding of the neuroanatomical underpinnings of MS-related fatigue are reviewed in this article. The aims of this paper are to (1) review the findings of previous structural neuroimaging studies on MS-related fatigue and summarize consistent findings regarding brain circuitry associated with fatigue in MS, (2) contextualize these findings with the neurochemistry of the relevant circuits and (3) discuss future perspectives with regard to impact on fatigue management of MS patients and methodological challenges towards improved understanding of fatigue pathogenesis. The detailed understanding of the neuroanatomical underpinnings of fatigue might contribute to the identification of novel treatment targets and factors determining treatment resistance to drugs used in current clinical practice.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Role of Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm: Rationale and Current Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3059
Author(s):  
Corrado Pelaia ◽  
Cecilia Calabrese ◽  
Eugenio Garofalo ◽  
Andrea Bruni ◽  
Alessandro Vatrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Life Threatening

Among patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, one of the worst possible scenarios is represented by the critical lung damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm, responsible for a potentially very dangerous hyperinflammatory condition. Within such a context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key pathogenic role, thus being a suitable therapeutic target. Indeed, the IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab, already approved for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis, is often used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms and lung involvement. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to focus on the rationale of tocilizumab utilization in the SARS-CoV-2-triggered cytokine storm, as well as to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially with regard to ongoing trials referring to the evaluation of tocilizumab’s therapeutic effects in patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Perioperative Systemic Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7201
Author(s):  
In-Ho Kim ◽  
Hyo-Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Radical cystectomy is the primary treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer; however, approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease within 2 years of diagnosis, which results in dismal prognosis. Therefore, systemic treatment is important to improve the prognosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Currently, several guidelines recommend cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy, and adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in patients who have not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently become the standard treatment option for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Owing to their clinical benefits, several immune checkpoint inhibitors, with or without other agents (including other immunotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and emerging agents such as antibody drug conjugates), are being extensively investigated in perioperative settings. Several studies for perioperative immunotherapy have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors have promising efficacy with relatively low toxicity, and have explored the predictive molecular biomarkers. Herein, we review the current evidence and discuss the future perspectives of perioperative systemic treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

scholarly journals The Potential Preventive Effect of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding on Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ali Alhomoud ◽  
Abdul Sattar Khan ◽  
Iftetah Alhomoud
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating chronic neurological disease that affects the central nervous system of young adults and their quality of life. Several studies have investigated the effects of pregnancy and breastfeeding on MS. However, the evidence regarding the influence of pregnancy and breastfeeding on MS is still accumulating. This review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the effects of pregnancy and breastfeeding on MS. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> A systematic electronic literature search of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to determine relevant published articles. The eligible studies were summarized and evaluated in tables. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> The majority of the studies indicated that pregnancy appears to lower the rate of MS relapses, particularly in the third trimester. The evidence regarding the effect of breastfeeding on MS remains inconsistent. Despite reports of negative obstetric outcomes in some pregnant women with MS, pregnancies in women with MS should not be categorized as high-risk pregnancies.

Oral field cancerization: current evidence and future perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punnya V. Angadi ◽  
J. K. Savitha ◽  
Sanjay S. Rao ◽  
Y. Sivaranjini
Keyword(s):  
Field Cancerization ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Perspectives
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