scholarly journals Inhibition of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation by a novel intravenous catheter material using an in vitro percutaneous catheter insertion model

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Steve Bierman ◽  
Pieter d'Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Catheter Insertion ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Percutaneous Catheter

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potencies of dermcidin-derived peptide DCD-1L against Acinetobacter baumannii: an in vivo wound healing model

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Farshadzadeh ◽  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Behrouz Taheri ◽  
Alireza Ekrami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Abstract Background The global emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to most conventional antibiotics presents a major therapeutic challenge and necessitates the discovery of new antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm potency of dermcidin-1L (DCD-1L) against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-, pandrug-resistant (PDR)-, and ATCC19606-A. baumannii. Methods After determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DCD-1L, in vitro anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activities of DCD-1L were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and the effect of DCD-1L treatment on the expression of various biofilm-associated genes were determined. The inhibitory effect of DCD-1L on biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection, as well as, histopathological examination of the burn wound sites of mice treated with DCD-1L were assessed. Results The bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in all A. baumannii isolates were inhibited at 2 × , 4 × , and 8 × MIC of DCD-1L, while only 8 × MIC of DCD-1L was able to destroy the pre-formed biofilm in vitro. Also, reduce the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation was observed following DCD-1L treatment. DCD-1L without cytotoxic and hemolytic activities significantly reduced the biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection. In vivo results showed that the count of A. baumannii in infected wounds was significantly decreased and the promotion in wound healing by the acceleration of skin re-epithelialization in mice was observed following treatment with 8 × MIC of DCD-1L. Conclusions Results of this study demonstrated that DCD-1L can inhibit bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and prevent the onset of infection. Taking these properties together, DCD-1L appears as a promising candidate for antimicrobial and anti-biofilm drug development.

scholarly journals Non-Lethal Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Xylella fastidiosa Strain De Donno Biofilm Formation and Detachment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cattò ◽  
Luca De Vincenti ◽  
Francesca Cappitelli ◽  
Giusy D’Attoma ◽  
Maria Saponari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Biofilm Detachment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽  
Control Samples

This study investigated in-vitro the non-lethal effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca strain De Donno (Xf-DD) biofilm. This strain was isolated from the olive trees affected by the olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy. Xf-DD was first exposed to non-lethal concentrations of NAC from 0.05 to 1000 µM. Cell surface adhesion was dramatically reduced at 500 µM NAC (−47%), hence, this concentration was selected for investigating the effects of pre-, post- and co-treatments on biofilm physiology and structural development, oxidative homeostasis, and biofilm detachment. Even though 500 µM NAC reduced bacterial attachment to surfaces, compared to the control samples, it promoted Xf-DD biofilm formation by increasing: (i) biofilm biomass by up to 78% in the co-treatment, (ii) matrix polysaccharides production by up to 72% in the pre-treatment, and (iii) reactive oxygen species levels by 3.5-fold in the co-treatment. Xf-DD biofilm detachment without and with NAC was also investigated. The NAC treatment did not increase biofilm detachment, compared to the control samples. All these findings suggested that, at 500 µM, NAC diversified the phenotypes in Xf-DD biofilm, promoting biofilm formation (hyper-biofilm-forming phenotype) and discouraging biofilm detachment (hyper-attachment phenotype), while increasing oxidative stress level in the biofilm.

Bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on stainless steel surface and their in vitro inhibition by marine fungal extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. e12456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Ainy Mahyudin ◽  
Noor Ifatul Hanim Mat Daud ◽  
Nor-Khaizura Mahmud Ab Rashid ◽  
Belal J. Muhialdin ◽  
Nazamid Saari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Extracts

scholarly journals Nanoscale Plasma Coating Inhibits Formation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7308-7315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxi Xu ◽  
John E. Jones ◽  
Haiqing Yu ◽  
Qingsong Yu ◽  
Gordon D. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Plasma Coating ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Coating Technology ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureuscommonly infects medical implants or devices, with devastating consequences for the patient. The infection begins with bacterial attachment to the device, followed by bacterial multiplication over the surface of the device, generating an adherent sheet of bacteria known as a biofilm. Biofilms resist antimicrobial therapy and promote persistent infection, making management difficult to futile. Infections might be prevented by engineering the surface of the device to discourage bacterial attachment and multiplication; however, progress in this area has been limited. We have developed a novel nanoscale plasma coating technology to inhibit the formation ofStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms. We used monomeric trimethylsilane (TMS) and oxygen to coat the surfaces of silicone rubber, a material often used in the fabrication of implantable medical devices. By quantitative and qualitative analysis, the TMS/O2coating significantly decreased thein vitroformation ofS. aureusbiofilms; it also significantly decreasedin vivobiofilm formation in a mouse model of foreign-body infection. Further analysis demonstrated TMS/O2coating significantly changed the protein adsorption, which could lead to reduced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. These results suggest that TMS/O2coating can be used to effectively prevent medical implant-related infections.

scholarly journals Reduction of Streptococcus mutans Adherence and Dental Biofilm Formation by Surface Treatment with Phosphorylated Polyethylene Glycol

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 3634-3641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Shimotoyodome ◽  
Takashi Koudate ◽  
Hisataka Kobayashi ◽  
Junji Nakamura ◽  
Ichiro Tokimitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Initial attachment of the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans onto dental enamel is largely promoted by the adsorption of specific salivary proteins on enamel surface. Some phosphorylated salivary proteins were found to reduce S. mutans adhesion by competitively inhibiting the adsorption of S. mutans-binding salivary glycoproteins to hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to develop antiadherence compounds for preventing dental biofilm development. We synthesized phosphorylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives and examined the possibility of surface pretreatment with them for preventing S. mutans adhesion in vitro and dental biofilm formation in vivo. Pretreatment of the HA surface with methacryloyloxydecyl phosphate (MDP)-PEG prior to saliva incubation hydrophilized the surface and thereby reduced salivary protein adsorption and saliva-promoted bacterial attachment to HA. However, when MDP-PEG was added to the saliva-pretreated HA (S-HA) surface, its inhibitory effect on bacterial binding was completely diminished. S. mutans adhesion onto S-HA was successfully reduced by treatment of the surface with pyrophosphate (PP), which desorbs salivary components from S-HA. Treatment of S-HA surfaces with MDP-PEG plus PP completely inhibited saliva-promoted S. mutans adhesion even when followed by additional saliva treatment. Finally, mouthwash with MDP-PEG plus PP prevented de novo biofilm development after thorough teeth cleaning in humans compared to either water or PP alone. We conclude that MDP-PEG plus PP has the potential for use as an antiadherence agent that prevents dental biofilm development.

scholarly journals Characterization of Biofilm Formation by Xylella fastidiosa In Vitro

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. R. Marques ◽  
H. Ceri ◽  
G. P. Manfio ◽  
D. M. Reid ◽  
M. E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
New Perspective

Xylella fastidiosa colonizes the xylem of various host plants, causing economically important diseases such as Pierce's disease in grapevine and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in sweet oranges. The aggregative nature of this bacterium has been extensively documented in the plant xylem and the insect's foregut. Structured communities of microbial aggregates enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix and attached to a surface are defined as biofilms. In this study, we characterized biofilm formation by X. fastidiosa through the use of a novel in vitro assay for studying biofilm growth in a potential mimic system of what might occur in planta. We used wood, a xylem rich material, as a surface for bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, under shear force. We demonstrated that X. fastidiosa strains isolated from various hosts formed biofilm on wood in this in vitro assay. Different biofilm morphology was detected, which seems to vary according to the strain tested and microenvironmental conditions analyzed. We observed that strains from different hosts could be grouped according to three parameters: biofilm morphology, the ability to form clumps in liquid culture, and the ability to attach to glass surfaces. We hypothesize that biofilm formation is likely a major virulence factor in diseases related to X. fastidiosa, bringing a new perspective for disease treatment.

scholarly journals Diluted honey inhibits biofilm formation: potential application in urinary catheter management?

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somadina Emineke ◽  
Alan J Cooper ◽  
Sarah Fouch ◽  
Brian R Birch ◽  
Bashir A Lwaleed
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
Biofilm Development

AimsBiofilms are ubiquitous and when mature have a complex structure of microcolonies in an extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular DNA matrix. Indwelling medical devices harbour biofilms which have been shown to cause infections and act as reservoirs for pathogens. Urinary catheters are often in place for considerable periods of time and are susceptible to both encrustation and biofilm formation. Strategies for minimising biofilm occurrence underpin an active research area in biomedicine. Manuka honey has, inter alia, well-established antibacterial properties. This study aims to assess the influence of honey on early biofilm formation in an established in vitro model.MethodsAn established model of early biofilm formation using static bacterial cultures in vinyl 96-well plates was used to grow Escherichia coli, strain ATC 25922 and Proteus mirabilis, strain 7002. Planktonic cells were removed and the residual biofilm was stained with crystal violet, which were subsequently eluted and quantified spectrophotometrically. Manuka honey (Unique Manuka Factor 15+) was added either with the bacteria or up to 72 hours after.ResultsBiofilms in this model was developed over 3 days, after which growth stalled. Mixed (1:1) cultures of E. coli and P. mirabilis grew slower than monocultures. In mixed cultures, honey gave a dose-dependent reduction in biofilm formation (between 3.3 and 16.7%w/v). At 72 hours, all concentrations inhibited maximally (p<0.001). Application of honey to cultures after 24 and 48 hours also reduced the adherent bacterial biomass (p<0.05–p<0.01).ConclusionManuka honey at dilutions as low as 3.3% w/v in some protocols and at 10% or above in all protocols tested significantly inhibits bacterial attachment to a vinyl substrate and reduces further early biofilm development. No augmentation of growth over untreated controls was observed in any experiment.

scholarly journals The Glycan Moieties and the N-Terminal Polypeptide Backbone of a Fimbria-Associated Adhesin, Fap1, Play Distinct Roles in the Biofilm Development of Streptococcus parasanguinis

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wu ◽  
Meiqin Zeng ◽  
Paula Fives-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Polypeptide Backbone ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Streptococcus Parasanguinis

ABSTRACT Fap1, a fimbria-associated glycoprotein, is essential for biofilm formation of Streptococcus parasanguinis and mediates bacterial attachment to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite, an in vitro tooth model (E. H. Froeliger and P. M. Fives-Taylor, Infect. Immun. 69:2512-2519, 2001; H. Wu and P. M. Fives-Taylor, Mol. Microbiol. 34:1070-1081, 1999; H. Wu et al., Mol. Microbiol. 28:487-500, 1998). Fap1 belongs to a growing family of high-molecular-weight serine-rich proteins found in streptococcal and staphylococcal species and possesses two serine-rich repeat regions. The glycan moiety of Fap1 appears to be O linked within the repeat regions (A. E. Stephenson et al., Mol. Microbiol. 43:147-157, 2002). In the present study, we identified a gene cluster immediately upstream of fap1 that encodes three putative glycosyltransferases and one nucleotide-sugar synthetase-like protein. Inactivation of one glycosyltransferase gene galT2 abolished the expression of two glycan epitopes; however, it did not alter bacterial ability to adhere to both SHA and saliva-conditioned biofilm surfaces. In contrast, the biofilms formed by the galT2 mutant were shallow and had a 70% decrease in biomass accumulation, suggesting that these glycan moieties mediated by GalT2 are not required for the initial adhesion but are important for biofilm formation. A recombinant N-terminal Fap1 polypeptide was shown to interact with a 53-kDa salivary protein and block and displace bacterial attachment, further demonstrating the role of the Fap1 polypeptide in bacterial adhesion. Taken together, these results suggest that Fap1 glycosylation plays an important role in bacterial biofilm formation, whereas the nonglycosylated Fap1 peptide mediates bacterial initial attachment during the process of biofilm formation.

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