scholarly journals Does monetary reward operantly enhance pain sensitivity over time? An experiment in healthy individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 2161-2167
Author(s):  
Yukiko Shiro ◽  
Tatsunori Ikemoto ◽  
Kazuhiro Hayashi ◽  
Young-Chang Arai ◽  
Masataka Deie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Genetic components of human pain sensitivity: a protocol for a genome-wide association study of experimental pain in healthy volunteers

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e025530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annina B Schmid ◽  
Kaustubh Adhikari ◽  
Luis Miguel Ramirez-Aristeguieta ◽  
Juan-Camilo Chacón-Duque ◽  
Giovanni Poletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The University ◽  
Genetic Contributions

IntroductionPain constitutes a major component of the global burden of diseases. Recent studies suggest a strong genetic contribution to pain susceptibility and severity. Whereas most of the available evidence relies on candidate gene association or linkage studies, research on the genetic basis of pain sensitivity using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is still in its infancy. This protocol describes a proposed GWAS on genetic contributions to baseline pain sensitivity and nociceptive sensitisation in a sample of unrelated healthy individuals of mixed Latin American ancestry.Methods and analysisA GWAS on genetic contributions to pain sensitivity in the naïve state and following nociceptive sensitisation will be conducted in unrelated healthy individuals of mixed ancestry. Mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity will be evaluated with a battery of quantitative sensory tests evaluating pain thresholds. In addition, variation in mechanical and thermal sensitisation following topical application of mustard oil to the skin will be evaluated.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethical approval from the University College London research ethics committee (3352/001) and from the bioethics committee of the Odontology Faculty at the University of Antioquia (CONCEPTO 01–2013). Findings will be disseminated to commissioners, clinicians and service users via papers and presentations at international conferences.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 3 Months Post Complete Vaccination with BNT162b2; A Prospective Study in 283 Health Workers

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Evangelos Terpos ◽  
Ioannis P. Trougakos ◽  
Vangelis Karalis ◽  
Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos ◽  
Sentiljana Gumeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S-RBD IgGs up to three months after the second vaccination dose with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. NAbs and anti-S-RBD levels were measured on days 1 (before the first vaccine shot), 8, 22 (before the second shot), 36, 50, and three months after the second vaccination (D111) (NCT04743388). 283 health workers were included in this study. NAbs showed a rapid increase from D8 to D36 at a constant rate of about 3% per day and reached a median (SD) of 97.2% (4.7) at D36. From D36 to D50, a slight decrease in NAbs values was detected and it became more prominent between D50 and D111 when the rate of decline was determined at −0.11 per day. The median (SD) NAbs value at D111 was 92.7% (11.8). A similar pattern was also observed for anti-S-RBD antibodies. Anti-S-RBDs showed a steeper increase during D22–D36 and a lower decline rate during D36–D111. Prior COVID-19 infection and younger age were associated with superior antibody responses over time. In conclusion, we found a persistent but declining anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity at 3 months following full vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Experience-dependent modulation of the visual evoked potential: Testing effect sizes, retention over time, and associations with age in 415 healthy individuals

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 117302
Author(s):  
Mathias Valstad ◽  
Torgeir Moberget ◽  
Daniël Roelfs ◽  
Nora B. Slapø ◽  
Clara M.F. Timpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Visual Evoked

Long-Term Clonal Evolution of Circulating Follicular Lymphoma-Like B Cells in Healthy Individuals: An Early Pathway to Lymphomagenesis.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 185-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Roulland ◽  
Julie Agopian ◽  
Mélanie Briand ◽  
Jean-Marc Navarro ◽  
Yannick Lecluse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Somatic Hypermutation ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Parallel Acquisition ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL), one of the most common B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is a germinal centre (GC)-derived malignancy, for which acquisition of the oncogenic t(14;18) translocation in the bone marrow constitute the genetic hallmark and early initiating event of FL pathogenesis. As t(14;18) is also present at low frequency in peripheral blood from healthy individuals (HI), it has been assumed that in HI, t(14;18) is carried by circulating quiescent naïve B-cells with restrained oncogenic potential. In sharp contrast, we recently demonstrated that in HI, t(14;18) is mainly carried by an expanding population of atypical B-cells presumably issued from the GC, displaying genotypic and phenotypic features of FL, and prone to constitute potent pre-malignant niches. Based on these data, we proposed that in HI, most t(14;18)+ cells were similarly rescued by BCL2 from apoptosis, and “frozen” at a differentiation stage where constitutive AID expression drives continuous somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) activity, two GC-associated mechanisms conferring a high propensity for further oncogenic aberrations. To test this model, we investigated the evolution of t(14;18)+ clones over time in HI by examining whether “FL-like” clonal development is associated with GC-specific processes. Using immunophenotypic, LR-PCR and mutation pattern analysis of the upstream switch μ flanking region from the translocated allele, we found that most circulating FL-like cells retain the GC-specific CD10 marker and carry highly mutated Sμ regions with a similar pattern to the mutated IgV genes, signing the maintenance of a GC-derived AID-mediated process. Moreover, as found for FL clones, the mutation load is higher in isotype switched than in sIgM+ t(14;18)+ cells, a difference maintained during the course of evolution (parallel acquisition of CSR/SHM on both functional and translocated alleles). We next analyzed intraclonal variation (ICV) as a way to determine how t(14;18)+ clones evolve over time based on their common BCL2/JH signature. In contrast to typical GC-derived memory B cells, which usually undergo transitory and extensive proliferation upon antigenic challenge without further SHM, we were able to construct genealogical trees for most circulating t(14;18)+ clones. Interestingly, few t(14;18)+ clones, although persistent and frequent, showed no clear evidence for clonal evolution but rather subclone selection. The presence of ICV and most importantly the identification of a somatically mutated common precursor through clonal arborescence confirm that FL-like cells not only display a GC-”frozen” phenotype but also provide direct support for the existence of premalignant niches from which cells undergo clonal evolution/selection and are constantly released. Although it remains currently unknown whether t(14;18)+ clones are directly issued from the GC founder or, similarly to FL, acquired the ability to invade other reactive GC for further rounds of SHM/CSR, ICV constitute an indirect signature for intense dynamics of the cells. Taken together, our results indicate that long-lived t(14;18)+ cells from HI are not conventional memory B-cells but recapitulate features of a “frozen” GC-derived population, able to undergo active AID-mediated processes while retaining at the same time dependence on BCR expression and presumably keeping the potential for intense trafficking between blood and tissues, a unique feature shared with FL cells.

scholarly journals Adaptations in Evoked Pain Sensitivity and Conditioned Pain Modulation after Development of Chronic Neck Pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Shahidi ◽  
Katrina S. Maluf
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cold Pain

Numerous studies demonstrate elevated pain sensitivity and impaired conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain compared to healthy individuals; however, the time course of changes in pain sensitivity and CPM after the development of a chronic pain condition is unclear. Secondary analysis of data from a prospective investigation examined changes in evoked pain sensitivity and CPM before and after development of chronic neck pain (CNP). 171 healthy office workers participated in a baseline assessment, followed by monthly online questionnaires to identify those who developed CNP over the subsequent year. These individuals (N=17) and a cohort of participants (N=10) who remained pain-free during the follow-up period returned for a 12-month follow-up assessment of mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity and CPM. Pain sensitivity measures did not differ between groups at baseline; however, cold pain threshold decreased in the CNP group at follow-up (p<0.05). CPM was lower at baseline in the CNP group compared to those who reported no neck pain (p<0.02) and remained unchanged one year later. These findings indicate that CPM is reduced in healthy individuals prior to the development of chronic neck pain and the subsequent reduction of thresholds for cold but not pressure pain.

scholarly journals Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Taneja ◽  
Lene Baad-Hansen ◽  
Sumaiya Shaikh ◽  
Peter Svensson ◽  
Håkan Olausson
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Background: Slow stroking touch is generally perceived as pleasant and reduces thermal pain. However, the tactile stimuli applied tend to be short-lasting and typically applied to the forearm. This study aimed to compare the effects of a long-lasting brushing stimulus applied to the facial region and the forearm on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) taken on the hand. Outcome measurements were touch satiety and concurrent mechanical pain thresholds of the hand.Methods: A total of 24 participants were recruited and randomized to receive continuous stroking, utilizing a robotic stimulator, at C-tactile (CT) favorable (3 cm/s) and non-favorable (30 cm/s) velocities applied to the right face or forearm. Ratings of touch pleasantness and unpleasantness and PPTs from the hypothenar muscle of the right hand were collected at the start of stroking and once per minute for 5 min.Results: A reduction in PPTs (increased pain sensitivity) was observed over time (P &lt; 0.001). However, the increase in pain sensitivity was less prominent when the face was stroked compared to the forearm (P = 0.001). Continuous stroking resulted in a significant interaction between region and time (P = 0.008) on pleasantness ratings, with a decline in ratings observed over time for the forearm, but not on the face. Unpleasantness ratings were generally low.Conclusion: We observed touch satiety for 5 min of continuous robotic brushing on the forearm confirming previous studies. However, we did not observe any touch satiety for brushing the face. Mechanical pain sensitivity, measured in the hand, increased over the 5-min period but less so when paired with brushing on the face than with brushing on the forearm. The differential effects of brushing on the face and forearm on touch satiety and pain modulation may be by the differences in the emotional relevance and neuronal pathways involved.

(176) Behavioral response to monetary reward predicts lower pain sensitivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. S20
Author(s):  
L. Samawi ◽  
P. Finan ◽  
M. Johnson ◽  
J. Haythornthwaite ◽  
M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Lower Pain

scholarly journals Exploring the Parallel Development of Microbial Systems in Neonates with Cystic Fibrosis

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint B. Rogers ◽  
Kenneth D. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome Project ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
Analytical Power ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Recent studies have greatly extended our understanding of the microbiota present in and on the human body. Here, advanced sequencing strategies have provided unprecedented analytical power. The important implications that the emerging data have for human health emphasize the need to intensify research in this area (D. A. Relman, Nature 486:194-195, 2012). It is already clear from these studies that the microbiotas characterized in different body locations of healthy individuals are both complex and diverse (The Human Microbiome Project Consortium, Nature 486:215-221). These studies also provide a point of contrast for investigations that aim to characterize the microbiota present in disease conditions. In this regard, Madan et al. (mBio 3(4):e00251-12, 2012) monitored the development over time of microbiota in the oropharynges and feces of neonates with cystic fibrosis and explored the potential for interactions between these complex microbial systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document