scholarly journals Different mechanisms of contralateral- or ipsilateral-acupuncture to modulate the brain activity in patients with unilateral chronic shoulder pain: a pilot fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Chao-Qun Yan ◽  
Shang-Qing Hu ◽  
Jian-Wei Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chronic Shoulder Pain

scholarly journals Dissociating Neural Correlates of Action Monitoring and Metacognition of Agency

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3620-3636 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Miele ◽  
Tor D. Wager ◽  
Jason P. Mitchell ◽  
Janet Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Action Monitoring ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reflective Processing ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
The Brain

Judgments of agency refer to people's self-reflective assessments concerning their own control: their assessments of the extent to which they themselves are responsible for an action. These self-reflective metacognitive judgments can be distinguished from action monitoring, which involves the detection of the divergence (or lack of divergence) between observed states and expected states. Presumably, people form judgments of agency by metacognitively reflecting on the output of their action monitoring and then consciously inferring the extent to which they caused the action in question. Although a number of previous imaging studies have been directed at action monitoring, none have assessed judgments of agency as a potentially separate process. The present fMRI study used an agency paradigm that not only allowed us to examine the brain activity associated with action monitoring but that also enabled us to investigate those regions associated with metacognition of agency. Regarding action monitoring, we found that being “out of control” during the task (i.e., detection of a discrepancy between observed and expected states) was associated with increased brain activity in the right TPJ, whereas being “in control” was associated with increased activity in the pre-SMA, rostral cingulate zone, and dorsal striatum (regions linked to self-initiated action). In contrast, when participants made self-reflective metacognitive judgments about the extent of their own control (i.e., judgments of agency) compared with when they made judgments that were not about control (i.e., judgments of performance), increased activity was observed in the anterior PFC, a region associated with self-reflective processing. These results indicate that action monitoring is dissociable from people's conscious self-attributions of control.

scholarly journals Abnormal Baseline Brain Activity in Patients with Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Resting-State fMRI Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lv Han ◽  
Liu Zhaohui ◽  
Yan Fei ◽  
Li Ting ◽  
Zhao Pengfei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Pulsatile Tinnitus ◽  
Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain

Numerous investigations studying the brain functional activity of the tinnitus patients have indicated that neurological changes are important findings of this kind of disease. However, the pulsatile tinnitus (PT) patients were excluded in previous studies because of the totally different mechanisms of the two subtype tinnitus. The aim of this study is to investigate whether altered baseline brain activity presents in patients with PT using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) technique. The present study used unilateral PT patients (n=42) and age-, sex-, and education-matched normal control subjects (n=42) to investigate the changes in structural and amplitude of low-frequency (ALFF) of the brain. Also, we analyzed the relationships between these changes with clinical data of the PT patients. Compared with normal controls, PT patients did not show any structural changes. PT patients showed significant increased ALFF in the bilateral precuneus, and bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and decreased ALFF in multiple occipital areas. Moreover, the increased THI score and PT duration was correlated with increased ALFF in precuneus and bilateral IFG. The abnormalities of spontaneous brain activity reflected by ALFF measurements in the absence of structural changes may provide insights into the neural reorganization in PT patients.

scholarly journals Representing Multiple Observed Actions in the Motor System

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 3631-3641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Christian Keysers ◽  
Amanda Clauwaert ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Do So

Abstract There is now converging evidence that others’ actions are represented in the motor system. However, social cognition requires us to represent not only the actions but also the interactions of others. To do so, it is imperative that the motor system can represent multiple observed actions. The current fMRI study investigated whether this is possible by measuring brain activity from 29 participants while they observed 2 right hands performing sign language gestures. Three key results were obtained. First, brain activity in the premotor and parietal motor cortex was stronger when 2 hands performed 2 different gestures than when 1 hand performed a single gesture. Second, both individual observed gestures could be decoded from brain activity in the same 2 regions. Third, observing 2 different gestures compared with 2 identical gestures activated brain areas related to motor conflict, and this activity was correlated with parietal motor activity. Together, these results show that the motor system is able to represent multiple observed actions, and as such reveal a potential mechanism by which third-party social encounters could be processed in the brain.

fMRI Study on the Brain Activity Induced by Manual Acupuncture at BL62

2007 ◽  
pp. 3563-3566
Author(s):  
Sabina Lim ◽  
Il-Hwan Choe ◽  
Kyung-Hwan Rheu ◽  
Jae-Hyun Park ◽  
Hi-Joon Park
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain

Demand of monitoring process in working memory task affects the brain activity in the following retrieval task: An fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. S382
Author(s):  
T. Takahashi ◽  
R. Xiao ◽  
M. Inase ◽  
T. Tsukiura ◽  
M. Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Neural Encoding of Acupuncture Needling Sensations: Evidence from a fMRI Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Suk-Tak Chan ◽  
Jiliang Fang ◽  
Erika E. Nixon ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Encoding ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neocortical Network ◽  
The Brain

Deqiresponse, a psychophysical response characterized by a spectrum of different needling sensations, is essential for Chinese acupuncture clinical efficacy. Previous neuroimaging research works have investigated the neural correlates of an overalldeqiresponse by summating the scores of different needling sensations. However, the roles of individual sensations in brain activity and how they interact with each other remain to be clarified. In this study, we applied fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of individual components ofdeqiduring acupuncture on the right LV3 (Taichong) acupoint. We selected a subset ofdeqiresponses, namely, pressure, heaviness, fullness, numbness, and tingling. Using the individual components ofdeqiof different subjects as covariates in the analysis of percentage change of bold signal, pressure was found to be a striking sensation, contributing to most of negative activation of a limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (LPNN). The similar or opposite neural activity in the heavily overlapping regions is found to be responding to different needling sensations, including bilateral LPNN, right orbitofrontal cortex, and bilateral posterior parietal cortex. These findings provide the neuroimaging evidence of how the individual needle sensations interact in the brain, showing that the modulatory effects of different needling sensations contribute to acupuncture modulations of LPNN network.

scholarly journals Representing Multiple Observed Actions in the Motor System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Christian Keysers ◽  
Amanda Clauwaert ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Do So

AbstractThere is now converging evidence that others’ actions are represented in the motor system. However, social cognition requires us to represent not only the actions but also the interactions of others. To do so, it is imperative that the motor system can represent multiple observed actions. The current fMRI study investigated whether this is possible by measuring brain activity from 29 participants while they observed two right hands performing sign language gestures. Three key results were obtained. First, brain activity in the premotor and parietal motor cortex was stronger when two hands performed two different gestures than when one hand performed a single gesture. Second, both individual observed gestures could be decoded from brain activity in the same two regions. Third, observing two different gestures compared with two identical gestures activated brain areas related to motor conflict, and this activity was correlated with parietal motor activity. Together, these results show that the motor system is able to represent multiple observed actions, and as such reveal a potential mechanism by which third-party social encounters could be processed in the brain.

Complexity Measures of Brain Electrophysiological Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Klonowski ◽  
Pawel Stepien ◽  
Robert Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Physiological Sleep ◽  
The Brain

Over 20 years ago, Watt and Hameroff (1987 ) suggested that consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind. To analyze EEG-signal complexity, we used Higuchi’s fractal dimension in time domain and symbolic analysis methods. Our results of analysis of EEG-signals under anesthesia, during physiological sleep, and during epileptic seizures lead to a conclusion similar to that of Watt and Hameroff: Brain activity, measured by complexity of the EEG-signal, diminishes (becomes less chaotic) when consciousness is being “switched off”. So, consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind.

Relation Between Level of Prefrontal Activity and Subject's Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Casini ◽  
Françoise Macar ◽  
Marie-Hélène Giard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Practice Phase ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Abstract The experiment reported here was aimed at determining whether the level of brain activity can be related to performance in trained subjects. Two tasks were compared: a temporal and a linguistic task. An array of four letters appeared on a screen. In the temporal task, subjects had to decide whether the letters remained on the screen for a short or a long duration as learned in a practice phase. In the linguistic task, they had to determine whether the four letters could form a word or not (anagram task). These tasks allowed us to compare the level of brain activity obtained in correct and incorrect responses. The current density measures recorded over prefrontal areas showed a relationship between the performance and the level of activity in the temporal task only. The level of activity obtained with correct responses was lower than that obtained with incorrect responses. This suggests that a good temporal performance could be the result of an efficacious, but economic, information-processing mechanism in the brain. In addition, the absence of this relation in the anagram task results in the question of whether this relation is specific to the processing of sensory information only.

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