scholarly journals Effect of bupivacaine and adjuvant drugs for regional anesthesia on nerve tissue oximetry and nerve blood flow

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wiesmann ◽  
Stefan Müller ◽  
Hans-Helge Müller ◽  
Hinnerk Wulf ◽  
Thorsten Steinfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Tissue Oximetry

scholarly journals Compromised Optic Nerve Blood Flow and Autoregulation Secondary to Neural Degeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 7286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Cull ◽  
Reinhard Told ◽  
Claude F. Burgoyne ◽  
Simon Thompson ◽  
Brad Fortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Neural Degeneration ◽  
Optic Nerve Blood Flow

scholarly journals Effects of Wrist Posture and Fingertip Force on Median Nerve Blood Flow Velocity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Wilson ◽  
Jimmy Tat ◽  
Peter J. Keir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Fingertip Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Participants

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess nerve hypervascularization using high resolution ultrasonography to determine the effects of wrist posture and fingertip force on median nerve blood flow at the wrist in healthy participants and those experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms. Methods. The median nerves of nine healthy participants and nine participants experiencing symptoms of CTS were evaluated using optimized ultrasonography in five wrist postures with and without a middle digit fingertip press (0, 6 N). Results. Both wrist posture and fingertip force had significant main effects on mean peak blood flow velocity. Blood flow velocity with a neutral wrist (2.87 cm/s) was significantly lower than flexed 30° (3.37 cm/s), flexed 15° (3.27 cm/s), and extended 30° (3.29 cm/s). Similarly, median nerve blood flow velocity was lower without force (2.81 cm/s) than with force (3.56 cm/s). A significant difference was not found between groups. Discussion. Vascular changes associated with CTS may be acutely induced by nonneutral wrist postures and fingertip force. This study represents an early evaluation of intraneural blood flow as a measure of nerve hypervascularization in response to occupational risk factors and advances our understanding of the vascular phenomena associated with peripheral nerve compression.

Hypoxic effect of exogenous insulin on normal and diabetic peripheral nerve

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. E980-E985 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kihara ◽  
P. J. Zollman ◽  
I. L. Smithson ◽  
T. D. Lagerlund ◽  
P. A. Low
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Intravenous Insulin ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts

Insulin administration can cause or worsen experimental and human diabetic neuropathy ("insulin neuritis"). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that insulin administration impairs tissue oxygenation. We infused insulin under nonhypoglycemic conditions and evaluated its effect on endoneurial oxygen tension, nerve blood flow, and the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve of peripheral nerve in normal and diabetic rats. Intravenous insulin infusion resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in endoneurial oxygen tension in normal nerves (from 26% at 0.04 U/kg insulin to 55% at 32 U/kg). The nerves of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were resistant, but with control of hyperglycemia this susceptibility to the endoneurial hypoxic effect of insulin returned. The reduction in endoneurial oxygen tension regressed with glycosylated hemoglobin (Y = 53.8-2.7X, where Y = %reduction in endoneurial oxygen tension and X = HbA1; r = 0.87; P = < 0.001). Diabetes or insulin administration resulted in only minimal and physiologically insignificant alterations in the oxygen dissociation curve and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of sciatic nerve. Instead, insulin administration resulted in a reduction in nerve nutritive blood flow and an increase in arteriovenous shunt flow. When the latter was eliminated by the closure of arteriovenous shunts (infusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine), endoneurial oxygen reverted to normal. These findings indicate a deleterious vasoactive effect of insulin and may explain the development of insulin neuritis.

scholarly journals Gentiopicroside Ameliorates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Modulating PPAR- Γ/AMPK/ACC Signaling Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lu ◽  
Jiayin Yao ◽  
Chulian Gong ◽  
Bao Wang ◽  
Piao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Compound C

Background/Aims: Gentiopicroside is promising as an important secoiridoid compound against pain. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect and the probable mechanism of Gentiopicroside on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), and to figure out the association among Gentiopicroside, dyslipidemia and PPAR- γ/AMPK/ACC signaling pathway. Methods: DPN rat models were established by streptozotocin and RSC96 cells were cultured. Hot, cold and mechanical tactile allodynia were conducted. Blood lipids, nerve blood flow, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity (MNCV) and Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity (SNCV) were detected. Gene and protein expression of PPAR- γ/AMPK/ACC pathway was analyzed by reverse transcription-quan titative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Westernblot. Besides, PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 and agonist rosiglitazone, AMPK antagonist compound C and activator AICAR as well as ACC inhibitor TOFA were used to further confirm the relationship between PPAR-γ and AMPK. Results: The results demonstrated that Gentiopicroside markedly ameliorated hyperalgesia with prolonged paw withdrawal latency to heat and cold stimuli and fewer responses to mechanical allodynia compared with DPN model group. Gentiopicroside regulated dyslipidemia, enhanced nerve blood flow and improved MNCV as well as SNCV. Gentiopicroside suppressed ACC expression through the activation of AMPK and PPAR-γ mediated the activation of AMPK and subsequent inhibition of ACC expression. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study demon strated that Gentiopicroside exerted nerve-protective effect and attenuated experimental DPN by restoring dyslipidmia and improved nerve blood flow through regulating PPAR-γ/AMPK/ACC signal pathway. These results provided a promising potential treatment of DPN.

Anatomy and Regulation of the Optical Nerve Blood Flow

2010 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ehrlich ◽  
A. Harris ◽  
A.M. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow

Other Testing in Glaucoma: Optic Nerve Blood Flow I

2009 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Rony Rachmiel ◽  
Yvonne M Buys ◽  
Chris Hudson ◽  
Graham E. Trope
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve Blood Flow
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