scholarly journals How to set-up a long-distance mentoring program: a framework and case description of mentorship in HIV clinical trials

2013 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Mbuagbaw ◽  
Lehana Thabane
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hiv Clinical Trials ◽  
Set Up

scholarly journals In-Line Analysis of Diffusion Processes in Micro Channels by Long Distance Raman Photometric Measurement Technology—A Proof of Concept Study

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Julian Deuerling ◽  
Shaun Keck ◽  
Inasya Moelyadi ◽  
Jens-Uwe Repke ◽  
Matthias Rädle
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Set Up

This work presents a novel method for the non-invasive, in-line monitoring of mixing processes in microchannels using the Raman photometric technique. The measuring set-up distinguishes itself from other works in this field by utilizing recent state-of-the-art customized photon multiplier (CPM) detectors, bypassing the use of a spectrometer. This addresses the limiting factor of integration times by achieving measuring rates of 10 ms. The method was validated using the ternary system of toluene–water–acetone. The optical measuring system consists of two functional units: the coaxial Raman probe optimized for excitation at a laser wavelength of 532 nm and the photometric detector centered around the CPMs. The spot size of the focused laser is a defining factor of the spatial resolution of the set-up. The depth of focus is measured at approx. 85 µm with a spot size of approx. 45 µm, while still maintaining a relatively high numerical aperture of 0.42, the latter of which is also critical for coaxial detection of inelastically scattered photons. The working distance in this set-up is 20 mm. The microchannel is a T-junction mixer with a square cross section of 500 by 500 µm, a hydraulic diameter of 500 µm and 70 mm channel length. The extraction of acetone from toluene into water is tracked at an initial concentration of 25% as a function of flow rate and accordingly residence time. The investigated flow rates ranged from 0.1 mL/min to 0.006 mL/min. The residence times from the T-junction to the measuring point varies from 1.5 to 25 s. At 0.006 mL/min a constant acetone concentration of approx. 12.6% was measured, indicating that the mixing process reached the equilibrium of the system at approx. 12.5%. For prototype benchmarking, comparative measurements were carried out with a commercially available Raman spectrometer (RXN1, Kaiser Optical Systems, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Count rates of the spectrophotometer surpassed those of the spectrometer by at least one order of magnitude at identical target concentrations and optical power output. The experimental data demonstrate the suitability and potential of the new measuring system to detect locally and time-resolved concentration profiles in moving fluids while avoiding external influence.

BioBoard

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Pandemic Flu ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Vaccines

Life Therapeutics Announces Influenza Program. Bharat Biotech to Launch New Vaccines and Set up Manufacturing Facility in Malaysia. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Completes the Genome Sequencing of Rice Malt. Cuba and China Sign Biotech Accord. New Oral Vaccine Combats Common Strains of Rotavirus and Boosts the Immunity of Children. A Rising Fear—Resistance to Tamiflu. Sinovac Biotech Begins Pandemic Flu Vaccine Clinical Trials. Korean Stem Cell Scientist Apologizes for Fake Research Results. Two Ventures To Make Bio-fuels from Palm Oil. Beijing Approves Drug Using Virus To Treat Cancer. CyGenics' Subsidiary to Distribute Bird Flu Test Kits.

Colonization of depopulated crinoids by symbionts: who comes from the bottom and who from the water column?

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Mekhova ◽  
P.Y. Dgebuadze ◽  
V.N. Mikheev ◽  
T.A. Britayev
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Previous experiments with the comatulid Himerometra robustipinna (Carpenter, 1881) demonstrated intensive host-to-host migration processes for almost all symbiotic species both within host aggregations and among hosts separated by several metres. The aim of this study was to check the ability of symbionts to complete long-distance migrations, by means of two in situ experiments which depopulated the crinoid host. Two different sets of field experiments were set up: exposure of depopulated crinoids (set 1) on stony ‘islands’ isolated from native crinoid assemblages by sandy substrate, and (set 2) in cages suspended in the water column. Hosts from set 1 were exposed for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to assess whether substrate has an influence on the symbionts' long-distance migrations. In set 2 cages were exposed for 10–11 days, aiming to check whether symbionts were able to disperse through the water column with currents. These experiments allow the conclusion that post-settled symbionts can actively migrate among their hosts. Symbionts are able to reach their hosts by employing two different ‘transport corridors’, by drifting or swimming in water column, and by moving on the bottom. Comparison of experimental results allows the division of symbionts into two conventional groups according to the dispersal ability of their post-settled stages: (1) species able to complete long-distance migrations, (2) species unable to migrate or having limited dispersal ability. The finding of the free-living shrimp Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922 in set 2 raises the question about the factors that affect such a high degree of specialization of crinoid assemblages.

scholarly journals How do community advisory boards fulfil their ethical role in HIV clinical trials? A protocol for a systematic review of qualitative evidence

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e035368
Author(s):  
Godwin Pancras ◽  
Maryam Amour ◽  
Tosi Mwakyandile ◽  
Baraka Morris ◽  
Bruno F Sunguya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Ethical Role ◽  
Hiv Clinical Trials ◽  
Community Advisory Boards

IntroductionCommunity advisory boards (CABs) continue to gain wide use and acceptance in global health research including in HIV clinical trials. They provide means through which community concerns regarding the trial can be considered by the research team, and provide an important platform of communication between the researchers and the community about study goals. Therefore, this systematic review protocol will guide the review of qualitative evidence on the ethical roles of CABs in HIV clinical trials based on the three fundamental ethical principles: respect for the person, beneficence and justice.Methods and analysisThis systematic review of qualitative evidence will involve searching four medical databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. Additionally, other relevant evidence will be obtained through hand searching and grey literature. Searches will be limited to studies published in the English language from 1989 (the year that CABs were first established in HIV clinical trials) to 2019. Articles searched will be screened by two independent authors based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles will be appraised for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and followed by qualitative data extraction. Findings will be analysed based on the meta-aggregative approach with the aid of EPPI-Reviewer 4 web-based software.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval does not apply to this review. Data will be disseminated through scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journals to inform policies and stake-holders about the ethical role of CABs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019133787.

scholarly journals How to design and set up a clinical trial part 1: the research question

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Amarpreet Atwal ◽  
Philip E Benson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Set Up

Data from clinical trials involving human participants are essential in establishing an evidence base about the safety and effectiveness of our treatments. This first article describes the steps involved in designing and setting up a clinical trial, from establishing the research question(s) to searching the literature. Acquiring some knowledge about how to set up a clinical trial will allow the conscientious clinician to use the most relevant information to provide the highest possible standards of clinical care for his/her patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Even if a clinician is not, has never been, nor is ever planning to be involved in research, he/she should understand and be able to interpret the data from clinical trials.

Experimental Study on Skin Friction Reduction With Micro-Blowing

Volume 4 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Liu ◽  
Hongmin Li ◽  
Minel J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Set Up

Reducing skin friction, such as friction on a car hood or a plane wing, can significantly reduce the drag force and decrease specific fuel consumption. Many techniques and methods have been tried. The Micro-blowing Technique (MBT) is an innovative way to reduce skin friction. Suggested by early research in boundary layer injection in 1950s, MBT was actually brought to effective use in 1994 by Hwang [1]. The basic idea is that by blowing fluid, same as or different from the mainstream flow, at an angle with that of the main flow, a decrease in the velocity gradient at the wall can be achieved, and thus the shear stress on the surface is reduced. Although the experimental data on boundary layer with micro blowing show a significant friction reduction, the mechanism of MBT is still not well understood and thus its full range of application is not yet established. In this paper, we further the understanding of the MBT mechanism. An experimental system is set up to visualize the flow structure on a plate with and without micro blowing in a tunnel. A long distance microscope is combined with a Full Field Flow Tracking visualization method in order to elucidate the nature of the flow interaction and mixing between the blowing flow and the main flow. The flow above the porous plates is visualized and velocities both in the blowing layer immediately adjacent to the plate and in the main flow are quantified using the PIV procedure. The flow and shear stress analysis shows that MTB has significantly different effects on a flow with a boundary layer and fully developed internal flows.

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