scholarly journals The Effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction on Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits via Protecting the Enteric Nervous System–Interstitial Cells of Cajal–Smooth Muscle Cells Network

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 4615-4628
Author(s):  
Gui-Ying Zhu ◽  
Dan-Dan Jia ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Ye Miao ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi Dysfunction ◽  
Oddi Dysfunction ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

scholarly journals Bioengineered intestinal muscularis complexes with long-term spontaneous and periodic contractions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
R. Sergio Solorzano-Vargas ◽  
Po-Yu Lin ◽  
Christopher M. Walthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Gut Motility ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

AbstractAlthough critical for studies of gut motility and intestinal regeneration, the in vitro culture of intestinal muscularis with peristaltic function remains a significant challenge. Periodic contractions of intestinal muscularis result from the coordinated activity of smooth muscle cells (SMC), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Reproducing this activity requires the preservation of all these cells in one system. Here we report the first serum-free culture methodology that consistently maintains spontaneous and periodic contractions of murine and human intestinal muscularis cells for months. In this system, SMC expressed the mature marker myosin heavy chain, and multipolar/dipolar ICC, uniaxonal/multipolar neurons and glial cells were present. Furthermore, drugs affecting ENS, ICC or SMC altered the contractions. Combining this method with scaffolds, contracting cell sheets were formed with organized architecture. With the addition of intestinal epithelial cells, this platform enabled at least 9 types of cells from mucosa and muscularis to coexist and function. The method constitutes a powerful tool for mechanistic studies of gut motility disorders and the regeneration of full-thickness engineered intestine.In the small intestine, the mucosa processes partially digested food and absorbs nutrients while the muscularis actuates the peristaltic flow to transport luminal content aborally. Gut motility is central to its digestive and absorptive function. The intestinal muscularis contains various types of cells: of these, smooth muscle cells, the enteric nervous system (ENS)1,2, and the pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)3 are three important players involved in the development of gut motility. Recent studies on intestinal tissue engineering have highlighted the importance of regenerating the functional intestinal muscularis4–9. A variety of systems derived from different cell sources, including pluripotent stem cells (PSC)4–6, embryonic stem cells (ESC)7 and primary tissue8,9, have been established to accomplish this goal and different contractile activities were developed in these systems. Notably, spontaneous contractions have been generated in culture systems that contained both ICC and smooth muscle cells4,6,10–13. In addition, electrical-induced neurogenic contractions were also successfully produced4,5,8 when ENS was introduced into culture. In one of the most recent studies, both spontaneous contractions and electrical-induced neurogenic contractions were developed in a PSC-based culture system4.

Neuromuscular structures in opossum esophagus: role of interstitial cells of Cajal

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. G305-G315 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Daniel ◽  
V. Posey-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Complete Relaxation ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The structures of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and body circular muscle (BCM) from opossum were compared as to neural and muscular structures and the structural relations of interstitial cells of Cajal to nerves and muscle cells. Both LES and BCM were densely innervated by nerves with varicosities containing many small agranular vesicles and a few large granular vesicles. These nerves were more closely related structurally to the interstitial cells of Cajal than to smooth muscle cells. More gap junctions were observed between smooth muscle cells and between interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscle cells in BCM than in LES. Those between smooth muscle cells were larger in BCM. Complete relaxation of the LES strip by isoproterenol reduced these differences but did not eliminate them. The finding that interstitial cells of Cajal often had gap-junction contacts to smooth muscle and close associations with nerves is consistent with the hypothesis that interstitial cells are intercalated between the nerves and muscles and may mediate nerve responses. These findings also suggest that LES muscle cells may be less well coupled electrically than BCM muscle cells.

scholarly journals Pyeloureteric peristalsis: role of atypical smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal-like cells as pacemakers

2006 ◽  
Vol 576 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Lang ◽  
Mary A. Tonta ◽  
Beata Z. Zoltkowski ◽  
William F. Meeker ◽  
Igor Wendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Role of the enteric nervous system in the control of migrating spike complexes in the feline small intestine

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. G628-G637
Author(s):  
W. C. De Vos
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist

The effects of agonists and antagonists of nicotinic, muscarinic (M1 and M2), and adrenergic receptors on migrating spike complexes (MSC) in ileum of fasting cats are reported. Hexamethonium decreased MSC frequency and blocked propagation. Atropine at low concentrations increased MSC frequency and increased velocity of propagation; atropine at high concentration blocked propagation. Pirenzepine (Pz; M1 antagonist) increased MSC frequency and propagation velocity. McNeil A-343 (M1 agonist), by a Pz-sensitive phentolamine-insensitive mechanism, and 4-diethylamine-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP; M2 antagonist) blocked propagation of an ongoing MSC but had no significant effect on frequency or velocity. Bethanechol (M2-receptor agonist) increased phasic spiking by a 4-DAMP-sensitive mechanism and blocked MSC propagation by a Pz-sensitive mechanism. Phenylephrine (alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist) or oxymetazoline (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) blocked MSC propagation but had no effect on MSC frequency or velocity. Phentolamine (nonselective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist), prazosin (alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist), or yohimbine (alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) alone had no effect on MSC activity. The conclusion is that the enteric nervous system controls and regulates the MSC by the following proposed mechanisms. 1) M1-muscarinic receptors, located either on postganglionic inhibitory neurons or presynaptically at a nicotinic synapse and/or neuromuscular junction, are involved in the tonic inhibitory control of MSC initiation and propagation. 2) Nicotinic and M2 muscarinic receptors, located on excitatory postganglionic motoneurons and smooth muscle cells, respectively, are important in the initiation and/or propagation of MSC. 3) alpha 1-Adrenoceptors on the smooth muscle cells and alpha 2-adrenoceptors located presynaptically at the nicotinic ganglionic synapses are not tonically active but inhibit MSC activity (4). Smooth muscle beta-adrenoceptors do not play a significant role in neural control of MSC activity.

Inhibitory innervation of colonic smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan D. Huizinga ◽  
Irene Berezin ◽  
Edwin E. Daniel ◽  
Edwin Chow
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The effect of neural inhibition on the electrical activities of circular and longitudinal colonic smooth muscle was investigated. In addition, a comparative study was carried out between circular muscle preparations with and without the "submucosal" and "myenteric plexus" network of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) to study innervation of the "submucosal" ICC and to investigate whether or not the ICC network is an essential intermediary system for inhibitory innervation of smooth muscle cells. Electrical stimulation of intrinsic nerves in the presence of atropine caused inhibitory junction potentials (ijps) throughout the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. The ijp amplitude depended on the membrane potential and not on the location of the muscle cells with respect to the ICC network. Neurally mediated inhibition of the colon resulted in a reduction in amplitude and duration of slow wave type action potentials in circular and abolishment of spike-like action potentials in longitudinal smooth muscle, both resulting in a reduction of contractile activity. With respect to mediation by ICC, the study shows (i) "submucosal" ICC receive direct inhibitory innervation and (ii) circular smooth muscle cells can be directly innervated by inhibitory nerves without ICC as necessary intermediaries. The reversal potential of the ijp in colonic smooth muscle was observed to be approximately −76 mV, close to the estimated potassium equilibrium potential, suggesting that the nerve-mediated hyperpolarization is caused by increased potassium conductance.Key words: enteric nerves, potassium conductance, pacemaker activity, VIP, inhibitory junction potential.

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. G372-G390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Motility Disorders ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The proposed functions of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are to 1) pace the slow waves and regulate their propagation, 2) mediate enteric neuronal signals to smooth muscle cells, and 3) act as mechanosensors. In addition, impairments of ICC have been implicated in diverse motility disorders. This review critically examines the available evidence for these roles and offers alternate explanations. This review suggests the following: 1) The ICC may not pace the slow waves or help in their propagation. Instead, they may help in maintaining the gradient of resting membrane potential (RMP) through the thickness of the circular muscle layer, which stabilizes the slow waves and enhances their propagation. The impairment of ICC destabilizes the slow waves, resulting in attenuation of their amplitude and impaired propagation. 2) The one-way communication between the enteric neuronal varicosities and the smooth muscle cells occurs by volume transmission, rather than by wired transmission via the ICC. 3) There are fundamental limitations for the ICC to act as mechanosensors. 4) The ICC impair in numerous motility disorders. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between ICC impairment and motility dysfunction is not established. The ICC impair readily and transform to other cell types in response to alterations in their microenvironment, which have limited effects on motility function. Concurrent investigations of the alterations in slow-wave characteristics, excitation-contraction and excitation-inhibition couplings in smooth muscle cells, neurotransmitter synthesis and release in enteric neurons, and the impairment of the ICC are required to understand the etiologies of clinical motility disorders.

Role of Ano1 Ca2+-activated Cl− channels in generating urethral tone

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (4) ◽  
pp. F525-F536
Author(s):  
Bernard T. Drumm ◽  
Keith D. Thornbury ◽  
Mark A. Hollywood ◽  
Gerard P. Sergeant
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Anoctamin 1 ◽  
Cl Channels ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Studies from rabbit show that anoctamin-1 (Ano1) channels expressed in urethral interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) serve as a source of depolarization for smooth muscle cells, increasing excitability and tone. However, the role of urethral Ano1 channels is unclear, owing to differences in the species examined and experimental approaches. We summarize findings from different species on the role of urethral ICC and Ano1 channels in urethral contractility and outline proposals for clarifying this topic using cell-specific optogenetic approaches.

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