scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Solvent Fractions of Combretum molle Leaves in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Melkamu Adigo Shibeshi ◽  
Engdaw Fentahun Enyew ◽  
Getinet Mequanint Adinew ◽  
Tezera Jemere Aragaw
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Combretum Molle

scholarly journals Oral acute toxicity and antimalarial potentials of aqueous and methanolic extracts of roots, leaves and stem of Dictyandra arborescens (Welw.) on Plasmodium berghei infected mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechi E. Enenebeaku ◽  
Nnamdi C. Ukwandu ◽  
Ifeyinwa C. Mgbemena ◽  
Harriet C. Nwigwe ◽  
Conrad K. Enenebeaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

Abstract Background Malaria is one of the tropical diseases of universal concern particularly with continuous appearance of resistant strains of P.falciparum. This calls for continous screening of traditional plants such that new and effective antimalarial agents will be developed. This study therefore explored the oral acute toxicity and antimalarial potentials of aqueous and methanolic extracts of roots, leaves and stem of Dictyandra arborescens on Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results No mortality was recorded in any of the experimental animal groups even at the highest tested dose (5000 mg/kg b.wt) of the extract after monitoring them for 4hrs and subsequently for 7 days. Out of the six extracts, methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves exhibited more antimalarial activity than others. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was statistically observed in the parasite count of groups that received methanol extracts of roots and leaves of D. arborescens. This observation was made when these two extracts were compared with other groups as well as the negative control. However, activity of the standard antimalarial drug (artesunate) was higher (p˂0.05) than those of the extracts. Phytochemicals such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids etc. were present in the extracts in varying quantities. GC–MS analysis of methanol extract of the root of this plant showed different chemical compounds. Conclusion Administration of aqueous and methanol extracts of roots, leaves and stem of D. arborescens in mice is not harmful at any dose less than or equal to 5000 mg/kg. Methanol extracts exhibited more antimalarial activity than aqueous extracts suggesting that antimalarial activity of the plant parts could be affected by the solvent used for extraction and antimalarial activity may be more in a particular part of a plant. The presence of different bioactive compounds identified in phytochemical and GC–MS analysis could be the fundamental scientific evidence for the antimalarial activity exhibited by this plant especially in the root.

scholarly journals In vivo antimalarial activity of the crude leaf extract of Combretum molle against Plasmodium berghei in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Adigo Shibeshi ◽  
Tezera Jemere Aragaw ◽  
Getnet Mequanint Adinew ◽  
Engdaw Fentahun Enyew
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Combretum Molle

Abstract Background Malaria is an infectious, hematologic disease causing death and illness in children and adults, especially in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of Combretum molle extract in vivo assays against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Methods Plasmodium berghei a rodent malaria parasite was inoculated to healthy Swiss Albino mice age 6–8 weeks either sex, weight 20–33g. 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day of Crude methanolic extract of Combretum molle were administered. Parameters such as Percent parasitemia, body weight, Body temperature, packed cell volume and survival time were then determined using standard tests. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Post hoc Tukey HSD test with SPSS software version 24.0 and P ≤0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results Chemosuppresive effect exerted by the crude extract ranged between 27-68%. The curative effect of the crude extract was in the range of 25-49% and ptophylactic effect of the crude extract was in the range of 51–76.2%%. The maximum effect in all tests on Chemosuppresive, curative, Prophylactic, prevention of weight loss, body temperature and packed cell volume and an increase in mean survival time was observed at higher doses of the crude extract. Conclusion From the present study it can be concluded that the crude extract of Combretum molle leaves has been shown promising antimalarial activity. This finding supports the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. Thus, it could be considered as a potential source to develop safe, effective and affordable antimalarial agent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of the 80% Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Combretum molle Against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1989086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafere Mulaw ◽  
Muluken Wubetu ◽  
Bekalu Dessie ◽  
Gebreselassie Demeke ◽  
Yalew Molla
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Combretum Molle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background. People are dependent on the traditional use of medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria without scientific validations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of methanolic stem bark extract of Combretum molle in mice. Methods. After being infected with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5). In all cases, group I mice were treated as negative control and received 3% Tween 80; group II mice were treated with 25 mg/kg chloroquine; and groups III, IV, and V mice were treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of crude extract, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis. Results. In the chemosuppressive test, the parasitic suppression effect of the crude extract was found to be significant ( P < 0.05) as compared with the negative control. In the curative experiment, the average parasitic level of those mice treated by the 3 doses of the crude extract was significantly suppressed at days 5, 6, and 7 of treatment ( P < 0.001). Besides, the crude extract had been found to have a chemoprophylactic role as it inhibited the parasite level significantly relative to the negative control ( P < 0.001). Moreover, the crude extract had preventive effects on packed cell volume reduction in the 3 tests ( P < 0.001). Conclusions. The findings of the present study has supported the folklore use of the leaves of Combretum molle in the treatment of malaria. Therefore, further fractionation and characterization of the crude extract is necessary to identify the responsible lead compound(s) responsible for antiplasmodial activity.

Antimalarial Activity of the Methanol Aerial Extract of Alysicarpus glumaceus (Vahl) DC. in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Amina Olorukooba ◽  
◽  
Ferhat Khan ◽  
Charles Madu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity

scholarly journals Antimalarial Effect of the Total Glycosides of the Medicinal Plant, Ranunculus japonicus

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Hae-Soo Yun ◽  
Sylvatrie-Danne Dinzouna-Boutamba ◽  
Sanghyun Lee ◽  
Zin Moon ◽  
Dongmi Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Republic

In traditional Chinese medicine, Ranunculus japonicus has been used to treat various diseases, including malaria, and the young stem of R. japonicus is consumed as a food in the Republic of Korea. However, experimental evidence of the antimalarial effect of R. japonicus has not been evaluated. Therefore, the antimalarial activity of the extract of the young stem of R. japonicus was evaluated in vitro using both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains; in vivo activity was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice via oral administration followed by a four-day suppressive test focused on biochemical and hematological parameters. Exposure to extracts of R. japonicus resulted in significant inhibition of both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, with IC50 values of 6.29 ± 2.78 and 5.36 ± 4.93 μg/mL, respectively. Administration of R. japonicus also resulted in potent antimalarial activity against P. berghei in infected mice with no associated toxicity; treatment also resulted in improved hepatic, renal, and hematologic parameters. These results demonstrate the antimalarial effects of R. japonicus both in vitro and in vivo with no apparent toxicity.

scholarly journals Inhibition of In Vivo Growth of Plasmodium berghei by Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Peter Adegbola
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Growth

Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis used by people of Western Africa in the treatment of malaria and related symptoms were assessed for their antiplasmodial value against the chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. Crude extracts (200 mg/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) were administered to different groups of Swiss mice. The percentage of parasitemia, survival time, and haematological parameters were determined. Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) inhibited parasitemia and improved survival time in infected mice. The crude extracts prevented loss of some haematological parameters. A. viridis had a distinct effect on the packed cell volume. The extract was able to protect the liver from some of the damage. This study however showed that the methanolic extracts of A. viridis and L. taraxacifolia possess antiplasmodial activity. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical investigations in the search for new and locally affordable antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals Sequestration of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice treated with goat bile

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kartika Arum Wardani ◽  
Kholida Nur Aini ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Willy Sandhika
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Bile Concentration

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of  Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

scholarly journals Experimental and Mathematical Model for the Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Azadirachta indica (Dongoyaro) in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Michael Olaniyi ◽  
Momoh Johnson Oshiobugie ◽  
Aderele Oluwaseun Raphael
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Group B

The study determines the experimental and mathematical model for the anti-plasmodial activity of methanolic root extract of Azadirachta indica in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Phytochemical analyses, antimalarial activity of the methanolic root extract of A. indica was determined in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 using standard procedure. Liver biomarker enzymes were also determined. The model P. berghei induced free and P. berghei infected equilibrium were determined. The stability of the model equilibrium points was rigorously analyzed. The phytochemicals present in the extract include: alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and phenolic compounds etc. The experimental study consists of five groups of five mice each per group. Group A, B, C, D and E were healthy, infected without treatment, infected mice treated with fansidar (10 mg/kg), chloroquine (10 mg/kg) and 250 mg/kg body weight of A. indica methanolic root extract respectively. The extract showed anti-plasmodial activity of 73.96%. The result was significant when compared with group B mice, though it was lower than that exhibited by fansidar (88.91%) and chloroquine (92.18%) for suppressive test. There were significant decrease (P<0.05) in plasma AST and ALT levels in the treated infected mice compared to the infected untreated mice. The results of the model showed that the P.berghei induced free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable at threshold parameter,  less than unity and unstable when  is greater than unity. Numerical simulations were carried out to validate the analytic results which are in agreement with the experimental analysis of this work.

scholarly journals Antimalaria and Hematological Properties of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Pennisetum purpureum on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. N. Ekene ◽  
O. M. Odigie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Parasite Count ◽  
Genus Plasmodium ◽  
Group I

Through bite from a female Anopheles mosquito, Malaria is transmitted by infection with single-celled parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Studies have shown it to be characterized by periodic bouts of severe chills, accompanied with high fever. It has been suggested that Pennisetum purpureum possess antiplasmodial effects, however, no scientific record(s) yet exist(s) to validate this claim. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the anti-malaria and haematological properties of ethanol leaf extract of P. purpureum in Plasmodium berghei -infected mice. Thirty-Five (35) albino mice (20g) were procured, acclimatized (for two weeks) and assigned to five groups of 7 mice each. With group I receiving standard rat feed ad-libitum (control), Groups II through V were respectively infected with Plasmodium berghei (malaria infected, untreated), Plasmodium berghei infected + treated with 5mg/kg body weight of Artesunate (malaria infected, Artesunate treated), infected with Plasmodium berghei + treated with 200mg/kg body weight of Pennisetum  purpureum (malaria infected, low dose extract treated), and infected with Plasmodium berghei + treated with 400mg/kg body weight of Pennisetum  purpureum (malaria infected, high dose extract treated). After 21 days of administration, mice were sacrificed, blood samples collected, centrifuged for 10 minutes at 300g, and resulting supernatant biochemically analysed for hematologic changes. Result showed a significant increase in initial parasite count across groups except control. Administration of Artesunate also caused a significant (p < .05) reduction in parasite counts upon comparison with control. More so, administration of low and high dose extract caused a significant (p < .05) reduction in parasite count following comparison with control. Administration of 200mg/kg caused the highest parasitemia suppression than high dose. We recommend for further evaluation of the plant in other to identify active ingredients responsible for the observed antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals In-vivo antimalarial activity of aqueous leaf and bark extracts of Trema orientalis against Plasmodium berghei in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyosi Eniola Oyebola ◽  
Olajumoke Abimbola Morenikeji ◽  
Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Trema Orientalis
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