scholarly journals Intranasal Corticosteroids: Topical Potency, Systemic Activity and Therapeutic Index

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 1093-1104
Author(s):  
Peter T Daley-Yates ◽  
Désirée Larenas-Linnemann ◽  
Chaitanya Bhargave ◽  
Manish Verma
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Systemic Activity

scholarly journals Therapeutic Index (TIX) for intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
T. Schafer ◽  
M. Schnoor ◽  
M. Wagenmann ◽  
L. Klimek ◽  
C. Bachert
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Safety Outcomes

Background: Intranasal corticosteroids (INS) are the first line treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). To guide clinical decision-making, we created a therapeutic index (TIX) for INS reflecting efficacy and safety. Methods: A Medline search (1966 to June 2009) was carried out to identify all placebo-controlled randomized trials, and observational reports for safety issues, with Dexamethasone, Budesonide (BUD), Fluticasone propionate (FP), Fluticasone furoate (FF), Flunisolide, Mometasone furoate (MF), Triamcinolone (TRIAM), and Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as treatment for AR. Data on three efficacy (nasal symptoms, ocular symptoms, global assessment) and three safety outcomes (epistaxis, growth, systemic ocular effects) were extracted. Meta analyses were performed for each INS and outcome and results were categorised into scores by quartiles. Scores of the three efficacy and safety outcomes were summed up to create summation scores for efficacy (ES) and side effects (AES), respectively with a maximum of 9 points. The TIX was then defined as the ratio of ES and AES. Results: Data of 84 studies were extracted. Based on availability of data, a TIX was calculated for 6 substances. BUD showed the highest efficacy score followed by MF and TRIAM. The lowest scores for side effects were achieved by MF and TRIAM followed by FP. These findings resulted in TIX scores of 7 and 5 for MF and TRIAM, respectively, indicating a high efficacy and low potential of adverse events. Medium scores were reached by BUD and FP and lower scores by BDP and FF. Conclusion: Although safety and efficacy is proven for all available INS by multiple studies, the systematic aggregation and analysis of data allows for a differentiated summary on clinically important features.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Index (TIX) for intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schafer ◽  
M. Schnoor ◽  
M. Wagenmann ◽  
L. Klimek ◽  
C. Bachert
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids

Intranasal Corticosteroids, Inflammation, and Symptoms in Allergic Rhinitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 0004-0010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Mygind ◽  
Lars Nielsen ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Hoffmann ◽  
Ronald Dahl ◽  
Henrik Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids

Thrombolytic Treatment with Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Containing Liposomes in Rabbits: a Comparison with Free t-PA

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L M Heeremans ◽  
R Prevost ◽  
M E A Bekkers ◽  
P Los ◽  
J J Emeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Jugular Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Liposome Encapsulation ◽  
Thrombosis Model ◽  
Lysis Activity ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator

SummaryIn this study, we aimed at improving the therapeutic index of tissue- type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) as thrombolytic agent in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Liposome-encapsulated t-PA was tested in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model: administration of free t-PA (t-PA) as a bolus injection in the ear vein was compared to a similar administration of liposomal t-PA (t-PA-lip), liposomal t-PA in plasminogen-coated liposomes (Plg-t-PA-lip), a mixture of free t-PA and empty liposomes (t-PA+empty lip) and a saline-blank (blank) in terms of thrombolytic activity and side effects.Liposomal t-PA (t-PA-lip/Plg-t-PA-lip) showed a significantly better thrombolysis efficiency than equimolar doses of free t-PA (t-PA/ t-PA+ empty lip): about 0.24 mg/kg of liposomal t-PA practically equalled the lysis-activity of a dose of free t-PA of 1.0 mg/kg (t-PAlmg/kg). On the other hand, liposome encapsulation did not affect the systemic activation of alpha2-antiplasmin and plasminogen by t-PA.We conclude that for this model an improvement in thrombolytic efficacy of t-PA is achieved by liposome encapsulation of t-PA. As t-PA-lip and Plg-t-PA-lip -treatment induced similar results, targeting of liposomal t-PA by coupled glu-Plg remains a topic to be optimized in future studies.

Artemisinin (ART) Drug Delivery Using Mixed Non-ionic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Efficiency in Different Cancer Cell Lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Asgharkhani ◽  
Aazam Najmafshar ◽  
Mohsen Chiani
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent

This study aims to investigate the effects of different non-ionic surfactants on physicochemical properties of ART niosomes. ART is a natural compound that is used as an antimalarial and chemotherapy agent in medicine. ART has low bioavailability, stability and solubility. In order to solve these problems and enhancing the efficiency of the drug, nanotechnology was used. In the present study, several niosomal formulations of ART prepared using different molar ratios of Span 60 : Tween 60 : PEG-600: ART in PBS. These three formulations were FI (1:1:0.5:0.5), FII (2:1:0.5:0.5) and FIII (1:2:0.5:0.5), respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was measured by HPLC and the drug release was evaluated by dialysis method. The cytotoxicity test was determined by MTT assay. The size, zeta potential and polydispersity index of the vesicles was measured by Zeta Sizer. Stability study was performed within two months. The MTT assay results showed that cytotoxicity effect of these formulations on MCF-7 cell line is better than C6 cell line and the FIII had the best results for both of them. The entrapment efficiencies of the formulations I, II and III were obtained 82.2±1.88%, 75.5±0.92% and 95.5±1.23%, respectively. The results of size, zeta potential and polydispersity index indicated that the size of the vesicles is below 200 nm, their surface charge is about -35 mV and they were monodisperse. Stability and release study indicated that the formulation III has the best stability and release pattern. Therefore, the use of PEGylated niosomal ART can effectively improve its therapeutic index, stability and solubility.

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