scholarly journals Reducing Fungal Exposure Critical for Treating Rhinosinusitis with or without Polyps [Response to Letter]

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 393-395
Author(s):  
Claus Bachert ◽  
Neil Bhattacharyya ◽  
Martin Desrosiers ◽  
Asif H Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Exposure

scholarly journals Comparison of Twelve Ant Species and Their Susceptibility to Fungal Infection

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bos ◽  
Viljami Kankaanpää-Kukkonen ◽  
Dalial Freitak ◽  
Dimitri Stucki ◽  
Liselotte Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Metapleural Gland ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Fungal Exposure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Colony Level

Eusocial insects, such as ants, have access to complex disease defenses both at the individual, and at the colony level. However, different species may be exposed to different diseases, and/or deploy different methods of coping with disease. Here, we studied and compared survival after fungal exposure in 12 species of ants, all of which inhabit similar habitats. We exposed the ants to two entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum), and measured how exposure to these fungi influenced survival. We furthermore recorded hygienic behaviors, such as autogrooming, allogrooming and trophallaxis, during the days after exposure. We found strong differences in autogrooming behavior between the species, but none of the study species performed extensive allogrooming or trophallaxis under the experimental conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the possible importance of the metapleural gland, and how the secondary loss of this gland in the genus Camponotus could favor a stronger behavioral response against pathogen threats.

scholarly journals Fungal Exposure and Asthma: IgE and Non-IgE-Mediated Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Zhang ◽  
Tiina Reponen ◽  
Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Exposure ◽  
Ige Mediated

scholarly journals Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the candidacidal activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and their collaboration with fluconazole.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Natarajan ◽  
E Brummer ◽  
D A Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Fungal Exposure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Strain Dependent

The effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) treatment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in vitro was studied with respect to their candidacidal activity. The candidacidal activity of PMN was found to be significantly increased when they were pretreated with GCSF. Fluconazole (1 microg/ml) was found to be highly fungistatic (90%) for Candida albicans Sh27 and collaborated with PMN for significantly increased killing. Collaborative killing by PMN significantly increased when they were treated with GCSF before and after fungal exposure. The enhancing activities of GCSF required optimization of the GCSF dose and were thus inoculum and strain dependent.

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