Diabetes mellitus 444Monitoring and control 449Thyroid disorders 450Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects approximately 4% of the UK population. In 2009, Diabetes UK reported that 2.6 million people in the UK have diabetes.Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of all diabetes and is a result of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Type 1 diabetes results from an absolute insulin deficiency secondary to autoimmune dysfunction....