scholarly journals Nanomedicine strategies for treatment of secondary spinal cord injury

2015 ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Leary ◽  
Desiree White-Schenk ◽  
Riyi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury

scholarly journals Blockade of Gap Junction Hemichannel Protects Secondary Spinal Cord Injury from Activated Microglia-Mediated Glutamate Exitoneurotoxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (24) ◽  
pp. 1967-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Umebayashi ◽  
Atsushi Natsume ◽  
Hideyuki Takeuchi ◽  
Masahito Hara ◽  
Yusuke Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Activated Microglia ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gap Junction Hemichannel

scholarly journals Maximum Movement and Cumulative Movement (Travel) to Inform our Understanding of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury and its Application to Collar use in Self-extrication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Nutbeam ◽  
Rob Fenwick ◽  
Barbara May ◽  
Willem Stassen ◽  
Jason Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cervical Collar ◽  
Spinal Movement ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Total Movement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Background:Motor vehicle collisions remain a common cause of spinal cord injury. Biomechanical studies of spinal movement often lack “real world” context and applicability. Additional data may enhance our understanding of the potential for secondary spinal cord injury. We propose the metric ‘travel’ (total movement) and suggest that our understanding of movement related risk of injury could be improved if travel was routinely reported. We report maximal movement and travel for collar application in vehicle and subsequent self-extrication.Methods:Biomechanical data on application of cervical collar with the volunteer sat in a vehicle were collected using Inertial Measurement Units on 6 healthy volunteers. Maximal movement and travel are reported. These data and a re-analysis of previously published work is used to demonstrate the utility of travel and maximal movement in the context of self-extrication.Results:Data from a total of 60 in-vehicle collar applications across three female and three male volunteers was successfully collected for analysis. The mean age across participants was 50.3 years (range 28–68) and the BMI was 27.7 (range 21.5–34.6). The mean maximal anterior-posterior movement associated with collar application was 2.3mm with a total AP travel of 4.9mm. Travel (total movement) for in-car application of collar and self-extrication was 9.5mm compared to 9.4mm travel for self-extrication without a collar. Conclusion:We have demonstrated the application of ‘travel’ in the context of self-extrication. Total travel is similar across self-extricating healthy volunteers with and without a collar.We suggest that where possible ‘travel’ is collected and reported in future biomechanical studies in this and related areas of research. It remains appropriate to apply a cervical collar to self-extricating casualties when the clinical target is that of movement minimisation.

scholarly journals Myelin Debris Stimulates NG2/CSPG4 Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages in the Injured Spinal Cord

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Grace Hammel ◽  
Minjun Shi ◽  
Zhijian Cheng ◽  
Sandra Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
First Time

Although the increased expression of members of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan family, such as neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), have been well documented after an injury to the spinal cord, a complete picture as to the cellular origins and function of this NG2 expression has yet to be made. Using a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model, we describe that some infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMΦ) are early contributors to NG2/CSPG4 expression and secretion after SCI. We demonstrate for the first time that a lesion-related form of cellular debris generated from damaged myelin sheaths can increase NG2/CSPG4 expression in BMDMΦ, which then exhibit enhanced proliferation and decreased phagocytic capacity. These results suggest that BMDMΦ may play a much more nuanced role in secondary spinal cord injury than previously thought, including acting as early contributors to the NG2 component of the glial scar.

scholarly journals Inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 decreases secondary spinal cord injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4262-4266 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUESONG ZHANG ◽  
CHAO CHEN ◽  
SHENGZHONG MA ◽  
YAN WANG ◽  
XUELIAN ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury

scholarly journals Inflammogenesis of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akhtar Anwar ◽  
Tuqa S. Al Shehabi ◽  
Ali H. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury

In-water secondary spinal cord injury prevention. Does out-of-water cervical immobilization save time?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Abelairas-Gómez ◽  
Roberto Barcala-Furelos ◽  
José Palacios-Aguilar ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cervical Immobilization ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury
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