scholarly journals Direct Detection of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Near-Infrared-Responsive Biomimetic Platelets

2022 ◽  
Vol Volume 17 ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Guanlie Li ◽  
Haiqing He ◽  
Guodong Zheng ◽  
Wenjing Jiang ◽  
Shuwen Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Direct Detection

scholarly journals Orbital and atmospheric characterization of the planet within the gap of the PDS 70 transition disk

2018 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. L2 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Müller ◽  
M. Keppler ◽  
Th. Henning ◽  
M. Samland ◽  
G. Chauvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data ◽  
First Time

Context. The observation of planets in their formation stage is a crucial but very challenging step in understanding when, how, and where planets form. PDS 70 is a young pre-main sequence star surrounded by a transition disk, in the gap of which a planetary-mass companion has recently been discovered. This discovery represents the first robust direct detection of such a young planet, possibly still at the stage of formation. Aims. We aim to characterize the orbital and atmospheric properties of PDS 70 b, which was first identified on May 2015 in the course of the SHINE survey with SPHERE, the extreme adaptive-optics instrument at the VLT. Methods. We obtained new deep SPHERE/IRDIS imaging and SPHERE/IFS spectroscopic observations of PDS 70 b. The astrometric baseline now covers 6 yr, which allowed us to perform an orbital analysis. For the first time, we present spectrophotometry of the young planet which covers almost the entire near-infrared range (0.96–3.8 μm). We use different atmospheric models covering a large parameter space in temperature, log g, chemical composition, and cloud properties to characterize the properties of the atmosphere of PDS 70 b. Results. PDS 70 b is most likely orbiting the star on a circular and disk coplanar orbit at ~22 au inside the gap of the disk. We find a range of models that can describe the spectrophotometric data reasonably well in the temperature range 1000–1600 K and log g no larger than 3.5 dex. The planet radius covers a relatively large range between 1.4 and 3.7 RJ with the larger radii being higher than expected from planet evolution models for the age of the planet of 5.4 Myr. Conclusions. This study provides a comprehensive data set on the orbital motion of PDS 70 b, indicating a circular orbit and a motion coplanar with the disk. The first detailed spectral energy distribution of PDS 70 b indicates a temperature typical of young giant planets. The detailed atmospheric analysis indicates that a circumplanetary disk may contribute to the total planetflux.

Rapid and direct detection of small microplastics in aquatic samples by a new near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) method

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 127655
Author(s):  
Stefania Piarulli ◽  
Giorgia Sciutto ◽  
Paolo Oliveri ◽  
Cristina Malegori ◽  
Silvia Prati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Direct Detection

Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Fuel Contaminated Sand and Soil. I. Preliminary Results and Calibration Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz W. Zwanziger ◽  
Heidrun Förster
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Synthetic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy

Regional areas may be contaminated by the past activities of the chemical and oil industries and of the military. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to test the possibilities of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy for direct detection and determination of oil and fuel contaminations. If reliable results are obtained NIR reflectance spectroscopy could be a valuable part of land remediation processes. Preliminary investigations showed that it is possible to distinguish samples of stone chippings, sand, cultivated soil, humus and potting soil by multivariate data analysis. After spiking with gasoline, diesel, motor oil and synthetic hydrocarbon mixtures (BTEX) sand rather than cultivated soil shows obvious spectral absorptions due to contaminations higher than 1% (w/w). The influence of particle size fractions has been investigated in detail using dry sand sieved to < 500 μm (fine), 500–800 μm (medium) and >800 μm (coarse). Contaminations in fine and medium fractions often can be modelled with only one intensity at sufficiently low calibration error, SEC. With coarse fractions SEC is three times higher. Models based on derivative spectra have no significant advantage. In general, mean centring results in more pronounced error minima than multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). Partial least squares (PLS) models can be fitted to obtain any wanted SEC even by cross-validation. For comparable SEC, PLS models in general do not need more factors if samples become more inhomogeneous. Data pre-processing techniques such as Kubelka–Munk transformation, Saunderson correction, MSC and combinations thereof have been tested. Adequate sample variation of the diffuse reflectance fraction of detected light according to the Saunderson model could improve the performance of calibration models. The best values for standard error of prediction, SEP, are obtained if calibration models are derived from sets of spectra of sieved samples and used for contamination prediction of natural samples, and not vice versa. Spectra of contaminated soil and humus need cleverer spectral selection and pre-processing for better performance of calibration models.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cyclooxygenase-2 fluctuation via a near-infrared fluorescent probe in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cell and mice models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yude Wang ◽  
Yinghui Wei ◽  
Na He ◽  
Liangwei Zhang ◽  
Jinmao You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is called a devastating and fatal interstitial lung disease due to various challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Due to its complicated pathogenesis and difficulty in early...

scholarly journals Quantitative Identification of Adulterated Sichuan Pepper Powder by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Yu Wu ◽  
Shi-Ping Zhu ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Identification ◽  
Pepper Powder ◽  
Direct Detection Method

Sichuan pepper is a traditional and important flavoring of Chinese cuisine. It has attracted increasing interest in recent years owning to its unique taste and aroma. However, some cheap adulterants have been illegally found in Sichuan pepper powder in the market due to merchants trying to cut costs and gain an extra profit. In order to determine the compositions of Sichuan pepper powder quickly and effectively, a direct detection method using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been developed. 462 samples of adulterated Sichuan pepper powder mixed with different amounts of wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour, and rosin powder were studied. The NIR spectra data was studied using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The method was found to be capable of predicting the compositions of adulterated Sichuan pepper powder. The determination coefficients of prediction set (Rp2) with the best pretreatments were 0.971 for Sichuan pepper powder, 0.948 for rice bran, 0.969 for wheat bran, 0.967 for corn flour, and 0.994 for rosin powder, respectively. The standard errors of prediction (SEP) were 2.81%, 2.38%, 3.19%, 2.46%, and 1.10%, respectively. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics is a rapid and nondestructive tool for the quantitative analysis of adulterated Sichuan pepper powder.

scholarly journals Measurements of the changes in angular diameter of Mira variables with pulsation phase

1999 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
J. S. Young ◽  
J. E. Baldwin ◽  
R. C. Boysen ◽  
C. A. Haniff ◽  
D. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Angular Diameter ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Optical Aperture ◽  
Mira Variables ◽  
Atmospheric Stratification ◽  
Apparent Diameter ◽  
Absorption Features ◽  
Made In

We report the direct detection of cyclic diameter variations in the Mira variable χ Cygni. Interferometric observations made between 1997 July and 1998 September, using the Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope (COAST) indicate periodic changes in the apparent angular diameter with amplitude 45 per-cent of the smallest value.The measurements were made in a 50 nm bandpass centred on 905 nm, which is only moderately contaminated by molecular absorption features. To assess the effects of atmospheric stratification on the apparent diameter measured in this band, we have also measured near-infrared diameters for a sample of five Miras, in both the J-band (1.3 μm) and Wing's (1971) 1.04 μm band, which is expected to isolate essentially pure continuum emission. We present J-band visibility curves which indicate that the intensity profiles of the stars in the sample differ greatly from each other.

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