scholarly journals Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of tilmicosin-SLN against Streptococcus agalactiae: in vitro and in vivo studies

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 4747-4755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyan Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxia Cao ◽  
Qinxin Xu ◽  
Jing Su ◽  
Xihe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
In Vivo Studies

scholarly journals One Hundred Faces of Geraniol

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Mączka ◽  
Katarzyna Wińska ◽  
Małgorzata Grabarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Household Products ◽  
Fragrance Compound

Geraniol is a monoterpenic alcohol with a pleasant rose-like aroma, known as an important ingredient in many essential oils, and is used commercially as a fragrance compound in cosmetic and household products. However, geraniol has a number of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the activity of geraniol against prostate, bowel, liver, kidney and skin cancer. It can induce apoptosis and increase the expression of proapoptotic proteins. The synergy of this with other drugs may further increase the range of chemotherapeutic agents. The antibacterial activity of this compound was also observed on respiratory pathogens, skin and food-derived strains. This review discusses some of the most important uses of geraniol.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of Herbal Compounds Quercetin and Curcumin on Cellular and Molecular Functions of Bovine-Milk-Isolated Neutrophils toward Streptococcus agalactiae Infection

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Purichaya Disbanchong ◽  
Wichayaporn Punmanee ◽  
Anyaphat Srithanasuwan ◽  
Noppason Pangprasit ◽  
Kanruethai Wongsawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Molecular Functions

Herbal phytochemicals featuring active ingredients including quercetin and curcumin have shown potential in treating human and animal diseases. The current study investigated their potential function in vitro for host immunomodulation associated with Streptococcus agalactiae subclinical bovine mastitis via milk-isolated neutrophils. Our results showed a positive influence on cellular migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing as well as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. This study also highlighted several important molecular aspects of quercetin and curcumin in milk-isolated neutrophils. Gene expression analyses by RT-PCR revealed significant changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, and TNF), ROS (CYBA), phagocytosis (LAMP1), and migration (RAC). The expression levels of apoptotic genes or proteins in either pro-apoptosis (CASP3 and FAS) or anti-apoptosis (BCL2, BCL2L1, and CFLAR) were significantly manipulated by the effects of either quercetin or curcumin. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified the superior benefit of quercetin supplementation for increasing both cellular and molecular functions in combating bacterial mastitis. Altogether, this study showed the existing and potential benefits of these test compounds; however, they should be explored further via in vivo studies.

scholarly journals DECIPHERING THE PHARMACOLOGICAL INSIGHTS OF FRACTIONATED ELATOSTEMA PAPILLOSUM WED. AND HOLIGARNA LONGIFOLIA ROXB. THROUGH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Md. Zia Uddin ◽  
◽  
Md. Sohel Rana ◽  
Subrata Chowdhury ◽  
Arkajyoti Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The present research intended to explore the biological activities, namely acute toxicity test and hypoglycemic as well as in vitro anti-arthritic along with the antibacterial activity of crude methanol extracts with its different soluble fractions like petroleum ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of Holigarna longifolia and Elatostema papillosum. Phytochemical screening was performed by established protocols. Acute toxicity and hypoglycemic effects were performed in experimental and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In vitro anti-arthritic and antibacterial activity were conducted by protein denaturation inhibitory and disc diffusion methods. It was observed that no rats exhibit any lethality types, which reveal the safety of plant fractionates. It was also seen that both plants' fractionates showed significant (p < 0.01) activity on hyperglycemia compared to standard. Upon investigation, it was observed that crude methanol and its CS fraction of E. papillosum and only CS fraction of H. longifolia significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited denaturation of bovine serum albumin protein compared to standard diclofenac sodium. Moreover, it was observed that crude methanol extract and its CS fraction of E. papillosum showed significant inhibitory action on all Gram-positive bacteria's growth. In contrast, the PES fraction highlighted an inhibitory zone of 26.7 and 24.7 mm, respectively, towards B. subtilis and S. aureus. This study provides some support to explain the traditional uses of H. longifolia and E. papillosum.

scholarly journals Silver i-motifs and their antibacterial activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bratt
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Concentrations

<p>The spread of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is a major threat to public health. This study investigated a unique cytosine rich DNA structure, the i-Motif to deliver soluble Ag+ as a novel antimicrobial agent (AgiMs). AgiMs were evaluated in vitro against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii strains. AgiMs displayed significant antibacterial activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii (median MIC: 0.875 µM and 0.75 µM, respectively) by rapid, bactericidal and concentration-dependent effect. Low concentrations of AgiMs showed efficacy against PAO1 20-h biofilms, resulting in 57% reduction in biomass (5 x MIC). A single dose of AgiMs extended survival of G. Mellonella larvae, with the therapeutic benefit paralleled in the reduction of internal bacterial load. Synergistic interactions were observed with the combination of AgiMs and tobramycin, a common antibiotic used to treat P. aeruginosa infections; indicating the potential for AgiMs to reinstate the potency of current antibiotics. This silver-based agent might be an alternative to the failing antibiotic regimes for MDR resistant infections. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential. </p>

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of cinnamon oil and silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis: new avenues for countering resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Ahmed M. Ammar ◽  
El-sayed Y. M. El-Naenaeey ◽  
Hend M. El Damaty ◽  
Asmaa A. Elazazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cinnamon Oil

Abstract Background Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is a contagious pathogen of bovine mastitis. It has financial implications for the dairy cattle industry in certain areas of the world. Since antimicrobial resistance increases in dairy farms, natural antimicrobials from herbal origins and nanoparticles have been given more attention as an alternative therapy. Hence, this study reported the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of cinnamon oil, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their combination against multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. agalactiae recovered from clinical bovine mastitis in Egypt. Results Our findings revealed that 73% (146/200) of the examined milk samples collected from dairy cows with clinical mastitis were infected with Streptococci species. Of these, 9.59% (14/146) were identified as S. agalactiae and categorized as MDR. S. agalactiae isolates expressed four virulence genes (Hyl, cylE, scpB, and lmb) and demonstrated an ability to produce biofilms. Cinnamon oil showed high antimicrobial (MICs ≤0.063 μg /mL) and antibiofilm (MBIC50 = 4 μg/mL) potentials against planktonic and biofilms of S. agalactiae isolates, respectively. However, AgNPs showed reasonable antimicrobial (MICs ≤16 μg/mL) and relatively low antibiofilm (MBIC50 = 64 μg/mL) activities against screened isolates. Synergistic antimicrobial or additive antibiofilm interactions of cinnamon oil combined with AgNPs were reported for the first time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that biofilms of S. agalactiae isolates treated with cinnamon oil were more seriously damaged than observed in AgNPs cinnamon oil combination. Moreover, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that cinnamon oil exerted a remarkable down-regulation of pili biosynthesis genes (pilA and pilB) and their regulator (rogB) against S. agalactiae biofilms, meanwhile the AgNPs cinnamon oil combination demonstrated a lower efficacy. Conclusions This is an in vitro preliminary approach that documented the antibiofilm potential of cinnamon oil and the inhibitory activity of cinnamon oil and its combination with AgNPs against MDR S. agalactiae recovered from clinical mastitis. Further in vivo studies should be carried out in animal models to provide evidence of concept for implementing these alternative candidates in the treatment of dairy farms infected by streptococcal mastitis in the future.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Fruit Extract of Solanum incanum L. against Ralstonia solanacearum

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Lucy N. Karanja ◽  
Isaac O. K’Owino ◽  
Phanice T. Wangila ◽  
Rose C. Ramkat
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Ft Ir

Aims: To determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Solanum incanum fruits against Ralstonia solanacearum. Study Design: Experimental design involving completely randomized design Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace studies, Moi University, Kenya, between January and June 2021.   Methodology: Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol as the extracting solvent. Phytochemical screening was done following standard procedures. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay respectively. The extract was further analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier transformed Infrared (FT-IR). In vitro antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion method while in vivo studies was done under greenhouse conditions. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and terpenoids. The TPC and TFC were found to be 84.997 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g and 20.535 ± 0.2 mg/g QE of dried sample respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 15 compounds, (9E)-1-Methoxy-9-Octadecene (26.85%), 9-Octadecenamide (Z) (21.43%), E-15-Heptadecenal (7.28%), E-14-Hexadecenal (6.28%), 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (4.96%) among others. FT-IR analysis revealed presence of OH, C-H, N-H, CO functional groups at wavenumbers 3348 cm-1, 2931 cm-1, 1589 cm-1, and 1218 cm-1 respectively. The antibacterial activity for in vitro studies at concentrations 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g/10 mL, the diameters of zone of inhibition were 20.75 ± 1.3, 25.75 ± 0.5, 27.25 ± 0.5, and 30.75 ± 0.5 mm respectively. This was comparable (P= .02) to that of ampicillin (positive control) which had zones of inhibition of 26.75 ± 0.5, 28.75 ± 0.5, 31.75 ± 0.4, and 35.00 ± 0.0 mm at the  concentrations respectively. For the in vivo studies the plant extract and ampicillin delayed the development of the disease by eight and ten days post-inoculation respectively while symptoms of bacterial wilt for water treatment (negative control) were observed four days post-inoculation. Conclusion: The plant extract had remarkable antibacterial activity and can be used to make viable formulations to control the devastating bacterial wilt disease.

scholarly journals Silver i-motifs and their antibacterial activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bratt
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Concentrations

<p>The spread of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is a major threat to public health. This study investigated a unique cytosine rich DNA structure, the i-Motif to deliver soluble Ag+ as a novel antimicrobial agent (AgiMs). AgiMs were evaluated in vitro against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii strains. AgiMs displayed significant antibacterial activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii (median MIC: 0.875 µM and 0.75 µM, respectively) by rapid, bactericidal and concentration-dependent effect. Low concentrations of AgiMs showed efficacy against PAO1 20-h biofilms, resulting in 57% reduction in biomass (5 x MIC). A single dose of AgiMs extended survival of G. Mellonella larvae, with the therapeutic benefit paralleled in the reduction of internal bacterial load. Synergistic interactions were observed with the combination of AgiMs and tobramycin, a common antibiotic used to treat P. aeruginosa infections; indicating the potential for AgiMs to reinstate the potency of current antibiotics. This silver-based agent might be an alternative to the failing antibiotic regimes for MDR resistant infections. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential. </p>

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