scholarly journals Occurrence of Multiple, Extensive and Pan Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Carbapenemase Production from Presumptive Isolates Stored in a Biobank at Ethiopian Public Health Institute

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 3609-3618
Author(s):  
Tesfa Addis ◽  
Shambel Araya ◽  
Kassu Desta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Public Health Institute

scholarly journals National Public Health Institute Legal Framework: A Tool to Build Public Health Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S-43-S-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Rosenfeld ◽  
Sue Binder ◽  
C. Adam Brush ◽  
Ellen A. Spotts Whitney ◽  
Dennis Jarvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Public Health Institute ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Public Health Institute

scholarly journals Disease modeling for public health: added value, challenges, and institutional constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Added Value ◽  
National Public Health Institute ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Public Health Institute

AbstractPublic health policymakers face increasingly complex questions and decisions and need to deal with an increasing quantity of data and information. For policy advisors to make use of scientific evidence and to assess available intervention options effectively and therefore indirectly for those deciding on and implementing public health policies, mathematical modeling has proven to be a useful tool. In some areas, the use of mathematical modeling for public health policy support has become standard practice at various levels of decision-making. To make use of this tool effectively within public health organizations, it is necessary to provide good infrastructure and ensure close collaboration between modelers and policymakers. Based on experience from a national public health institute, we discuss the strategic requirements for good modeling practice for public health. For modeling to be of maximal value for a public health institute, the organization and budgeting of mathematical modeling should be transparent, and a long-term strategy for how to position and develop mathematical modeling should be in place.

scholarly journals Occupational Medicine in cardiovascular risk prevention by ergometry and psycho test implementing physical activities in Public Health Institute employees

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Lalić Hrvoje
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Burden Test ◽  
Project Objectives ◽  
Public Health Institute

Within the WHO global action against chronic noninfectious diseases the local action in cooperation of Occupational Medicine and Sports and Public Health Institute in Rijeka, Croatia has been undertaken. The Project objectives were improvement of psychophysical condition of women employed in the Institute and also to spark their interest in health and physical activities. The research comprised ergometry testing 19 female employees and so the levels of glucose and lactate were tested before and after ergometry burden. They have undergone the battery of psycho tests, stress test, test of anxiety as condition, test of anxiety as trait personality and test of depression. They had 6 weeks of physical exercises 1 hour twice a week monitored by a kinesiologist. After the exercises the results proved positive but not statistically due to short period of exercises. The Scout lactate test p = .357, p > .05 indicated a minor increase of lactate after the bicycle ergometry burden test and conducted programmed exercises in relation to the bicycle ergometry burden test before the exercises. Bionime glucose test after the burden and exercise showed a decrease but smaller compared to the burden test before exercises, p = .250, p > .05 which indicates improved fitness though not significant. Concerning psychic parameters the exercises resulted in significant differences in depression, p = .0197, p < .05. In conclusion, besides the importance of carrying out such programmed physical activities, diagnosed Electrocardiograph (ECG) changes, of 19 employees one was cosmetic and one cardiac organic change, point to the significance of screening in Occupational Medicine and Sports in diagnosing potential cardiac diseases in working population.

The Louisiana Public Health Institute

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Kimbrell ◽  
Anne Witmer ◽  
Patrick Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Public Health Institute

scholarly journals Phenotypic characterization of carbapenem non-susceptible gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0256556
Author(s):  
Abera Abdeta ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Surafel Fentaw ◽  
Estifanos Tsige ◽  
Dawit Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Public Health Institute

Background Multidrug resistant, extremely drug-resistant, pan-drug resistant, carbapenem-resistant, and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria are becoming more common in health care settings and are posing a growing threat to public health. Objective The study was aimed to detect and phenotypically characterize carbapenem no- susceptible gram-negative bacilli at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Materials and methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 30, 2019, to May 30, 2020, at the national reference laboratory of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Clinical samples were collected, inoculated, and incubated for each sample in accordance with standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Identification was done using the traditional biochemical method. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant isolates were classified using a standardized definition established by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the United States Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. Gram-negative organisms with reduced susceptibility to carbapenem antibiotics were considered candidate carbapenemase producers and subjected to modified carbapenem inactivation and simplified carbapenem inactivation methods. Meropenem with EDTA was used to differentiate metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) from serine carbapenemase. Meropenem (MRP)/meropenem + phenylboronic acid (MBO) were used to differentiate Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) from other serine carbapenemase producing gram-negative organisms. Results A total of 1,337 clinical specimens were analyzed, of which 429 gram-negative bacterial isolates were recovered. Out of 429 isolates, 319, 74, and 36 were Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. In our study, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, carbapenemase-producing, and carbapenem nonsusceptible gram-negative bacilli were 45.2%, 7.7%, 5.4%, and 15.4% respectively. Out of 429 isolates, 66 demonstrated reduced susceptibility to the antibiotics meropenem and imipenem. These isolates were tested for carbapenemase production of which 34.8% (23/66) were carbapenemase producers. Out of 23 carbapenemase positive gram-negative bacteria, ten (10) and thirteen (13) were metallo-beta-lactamase and serine carbapenemase respectively. Three of 13 serine carbapenemase positive organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. Conclusion This study revealed an alarming level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant, carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria, particularly among intensive care unit patients at the health facility level. These findings point to a scenario in which clinical management of infected patients becomes increasingly difficult and necessitates the use of “last-resort” antimicrobials likely exacerbating the magnitude of the global AMR crisis. This mandates robust AMR monitoring and an infection prevention and control program.

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