Evaluation of Antiplasmodial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Zehneria scabra Roots Against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

Population explosion is a major problem it is raising tremendously; this may affect drastically the economic growth. So family planning has been promoted through several methods of contraception. A wide variety of synthetic contraceptive agents are available, but these cannot be used continuously due to their side effects. Thus the present study was to evaluate the effect of Bougainvillea spectabilis on fertility of male and female mice. Swiss Albino mice were orally administered with aqueous crude extract of the leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis (800 mg/kg of body weight/day, for 30 days), and effect of crude extract on reproductive organs and fertility was investigated. The treatment Caused decrease in weight of testis, sperm count and the histological examination revealed a reduction in the size of seminiferous tubules along with the thickness of germinal epithelial cells, though some of the epithelial cells and interstitial cells of leydig showed hypertrophy. Moreover, the lumen of the tubules was found to be devoid of sperms. On the other hand, in treated females no histological changes could be observed. The only marked change, which could be visualized, was the slight disruption of estrous cycle having prolonged metaestrus phase, which has been increased by 145.28 %. The overall duration of estrous cycle had been extended by more than one day. The hormonal profile was also influenced by the Bougainvillea spectabilis extract. The testosterone and estrogen levels were significantly decreased.

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In vivo antiplasmodial properties of fractions and flavonoids of Pseudarthria hooheri Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae)

10.53365/nrfhh/145411 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Tchamgoue ◽

Amelework N. Eyado ◽

Boniface P. Kamdem Kamdem ◽

Yvan Anderson T. Ngandjui Ngandjui ◽

Jean Claude Tchouankeu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Malaria Treatment ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Treatment Situation ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Etoac Fraction ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Main Components

Malaria is regarded as one of the most lethal diseases. Resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives jeopardises effective malaria treatment. Finding novel antimalarial chemicals is critical given the existing treatment situation. This work aimed to examine the antiplasmodial capabilities of Pseudarthria hookeri fractions and flavonoids in vivo. The fractions and compounds antiplasmodial activity were evaluated on male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, and on healthy female Swiss albino mice, the crude extract's acute toxicity was assessed. The EtOAc fraction had significant antiplasmodial activity (32.53 percent suppression at 500 mg/kg BW) and considerably prolonged the survival period of infected mice (9.8 days) compared to control mice (7.8 days). Parasitaemia was dramatically reduced (85.01, 59.41, and 70.39 percent), and the mean survival time extended (11.33, 10.00, and 9.33 days) with 15, 20 and 35 mg/kg of quercetin (1), 7-O-benzyl-6-prenylpinocembrin (6) and 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol (11) (isolates of the EtOAc fraction), respectively. BW loss and PCV reduction were also averted. Moreover, at 2500 mg/kg, the crude extract of P. hookeri showed no acute toxicity in mice. LC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction enabled the identification of nine flavonoids, with 8 and 11 being the main components. The present investigation confirmed P. hookeri's antiplasmodial action, substantiating its ethnomedicinal application for malaria treatment.

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Antimalarial Activity of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) against Plasmodium berghei Infection in Swiss Albino Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9467359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agumas Alemu Alehegn ◽

Jibril Seid Yesuf ◽

Eshetie Melese Birru

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Survival Time ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Bersama Abyssinica

Background. Treatment of malaria has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. Thus, the current study aimed at evaluating the antimalarial activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Bersama abyssinica (B. abyssinica) against Plasmodium berghei infection in Swiss Albino mice. Method. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract and solvent fractions against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effects of crude extract and fraction with the highest chemosuppression were further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to compare data between groups. Results. The crude extract and aqueous fraction significantly (P<0.05 to 0.001) suppressed parasitemia followed by protection of PCV reduction resulting in prolonging the survival time but failed to protect body weight and rectal temperature reduction in all tested models. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions also showed significant chemosuppression and PCV protection in the 4-day suppressive test. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 49.51%, 57.94%, and 44.11% while the aqueous fraction showed suppression of 47.69%, 51.62%, and 37.07% in 4-day suppressive, curative, and prophylactic tests, respectively, at 400 mg/kg. Conclusion. The crude extract and fractions showed fairly moderate antimalarial activity, and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies. Thus, this may call for further studies to isolate chemical entities for additional safety and efficacy tests.

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Effect of chronic khat (Catha edulis, Forsk) use on outcome of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in Swiss albino mice

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-015-0911-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tsige Ketema ◽

Moti Yohannes ◽

Esayas Alemayehu ◽

Argaw Ambelu

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽

Catha Edulis ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice

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Effects of Hydro-ethanolic Leaf Extract of Tithonia diversifolia on Parasitaemia Level, Serum Metabolites and Histopathology of Organs in Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health ◽

10.9734/ajmah/2017/34048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D Oloruntola ◽

E Dada ◽

I Osho ◽

O Ogundolie

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Serum Metabolites ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Parasitaemia Level ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract

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Hematological and Histopathological Profiles of Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei upon Treatment with Cooked Tetracarpidium conophorum Seed Ethanol Extract

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2021/v7i330185 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-37

Author(s):

Dada Ebenezer ◽

Oladipo Faith Temiloluwa

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Group 5

Aim: This study was conducted to verify the hematological and histopathological outcome of cooked ethanol seed extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Study Design: Descriptive study. Methodology: Standard methods were conducted to determine the phyto-chemical profile of cooked T. conophorum seed ethanol extract, hematological, histopathological indices and biochemical assay. Mice were assembled into five groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of seven each. The mice in group 4 were treated with a customary antimalarial drug (chloroquine as positive control) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, while mice in groups 3, 2 and 1 was administered with increasing dosages (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight) of seed extracts for four consecutive days respectively. Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening of T. conophorum seed extract revealed the presence of bioactive components such as saponin, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoid. Saponin (16.82 mg/100 g) was the highest occurring phytochemical followed by terpenoid (10.39 mg/100 g), glycoside (5.9 mg/100 g), tannin (2.8 mg/100 g) and flavonoid (1.17 mg/100 g), while steroid only had a trace presence. Hematological parameters revealed mice in all groups do not possess significantly different mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Mice in group 5 (infected and not treated) demonstrated lowest values of hemoglobin, platelet, and packed cell volume with a significantly lower % eosin. There was considerable decrease in the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in group 5 compared to mice in groups 1, 2, and 3. Conclusion: Ameliorative effects of seed extract were observed on the liver and kidney of mice at dose levels (200 mg/kg) used, but the 400 mg/kg restored the kidney but had adverse effect on the liver. This study therefore shows that cooked T. conophorum is generally less effective and could not be employed for treatment of malaria.

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