scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Factors of Pediatric Septicemia in Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 3895-3905
Author(s):  
Gemechu Ameya ◽  
Temesgen Weldemedhin ◽  
Tsegaye Tsalla ◽  
Feleke Gebremeskel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

scholarly journals Prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection, its associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among febrile patients at Adare general hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Nasir Awol ◽  
Dawit Yihdego Reda ◽  
Deresse Daka Gidebo
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Background Salmonellas enterica serovar Typhi (S.typhi) causes typhoid fever and is a global health problem, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. But there is a little information about prevalence and factors association with S.typhi and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Ethiopia especially in the study area. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S.typhi infection, its associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patient with a febrile illness at Adare General Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 422 febrile patients from May 23, 2018 to October 20, 2018. A 5 ml venous blood was collected from each febrile patient. Culture and biochemical test were performed for each isolate. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for each isolate using modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion techniques. Result In this study, the prevalence of S.typhi among febrile illness patients at Adare General Hospital was 1.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5–2.9]. The age of the study subjects were ranged from 15 to 65 years (mean age 32 years). It was observed that participants who came from rural area had 8 times (AOR 8.27: 95% CI: 1.33, 51.55) more likely to had S. typhi infection when compared with urban dwellers. The microbial susceptibility testing revealed that all six of S.typhi isolates showed sensitive to Ceftriaxone and all 6 isolates showed resistant to nalidixic acid and Cefotaxime and 5(83.3%) susceptible to Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxaciline. Multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more antibiotics) was observed among most of the isolates. Conclusion S. typhi bacteraemia is an uncommon but important cause of febrile illness in our study population. Ceftriaxone therapy is a suitable empirical antibiotic for those that are unwell and suspected of having this illness. Further surveillance is required to monitor possible hanging antibiotic resistant patterns in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of community and hospital acquired urinary tract infection at Dessie referral hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Adugna ◽  
Bekele Sharew ◽  
Mohabaw Jemal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital

Abstract Back ground: Urinary tract infection are one of the most common bacterial infections in the community and in the hospital. Nowadays, little is known about the status of community and hospital acquired urinary tract infection, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among urinary tract infection patients in Ethiopia, particularly in our study area. Methods A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in Dessie referral hospital. A total of 422 urine samples were enrolled using systematic random sampling technique. All isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and their antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was entered using Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS software version 20. P- Value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Result Of 422 urine samples processed 100 (23.7%) yielded bacterial isolates. About50(30.7%) and 50(19.3%) samples from hospitalized and community showed significant bacteriuria respectively. E. coli 44/103(42.7%), predominated across the two groups followed by S. aureus 25/103(24.3%), CONs,14/103(13.5%), Klebsiella spps 7/103(6.78), proteus spps 3/103(2.91), and Entrococcus spps 3/103 (2.91%). Pseudomonas spps 3/103 (2.91), Citrobacter spps 2/103(1.94%) and Acinetobacter Spp 1/103(0.999), which were isolated from only the hospitalized samples. Meropenem susceptibly was 100% in both study groups and Ampicillin resistance was documented as 83.3–100% and 76.9–100% in hospitalized and community acquired respectively. Among risk factors previous use of antibiotics, female gender, Age, Diabetics, catheterization were associated with the infection. Conclusion The present study revealed that slightly high prevalence of urinary tract infection. High antimicrobial resistance was observed to most antimicrobial drugs tested. Meropenem and Nitrofurantoin were the most active drugs for urinary tract infection. Empirical selection of antimicrobial agents should be based on antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens that prevalent in that area. Female sex, age, previous use of antibiotics, catheterization and diabetics were at risk of urinary tract infection.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: Magnitude, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mekuria Edae ◽  
Zelalem Teklemariam ◽  
Fitsum Weldegebreal ◽  
Degu Abate
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is one of the major risk factors for the development of urinary tract infections during pregnancy which accounts for about 70% of the cases. However, there is no guideline which recommends routine screening of pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria in most of developing countries including Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2019. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22. A test of association was performed using logistic regression and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 19.9%. Direction of wiping after genital wash, postcoital urination, and catheterization were factors significantly associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Most of the isolated Gram positive were highly sensitive to Ceftriaxone (90.9%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci showed higher sensitivity to Augmentin (75.0) and Ceftriaxone (87.5%), whereas they showed resistance to Clindamycin (68.7%) and Ampicillin (62.5%). Gram-negative bacteria isolates showed higher sensitivity to Ceftriaxone (88.2%), Gentamycin (67.5%), and Augmentin (64.7%), while they showed resistance to Ampicillin (70.5%) and Clindamycin (50.0%). Conclusion. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in this study was high. Direction of wiping after genital wash, catheterization, and postcoital urination increases the odds of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Therefore, health education on the predisposing factors is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Salmonella and Shigella Among Asymptomatic Street Food Vendors in the Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863021985358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizaw Tadesse ◽  
Habtamu Mitiku ◽  
Zelalem Teklemariam ◽  
Dadi Marami
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Dire Dawa

Background: Salmonella and Shigella infections are a common public health problem throughout the world. The risk of getting infections is high, where asymptomatic street food vendors are preparing foods and vending. Current knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for appropriate treatment and management of these infections. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among asymptomatic street food vendors in the Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 randomly selected asymptomatic street food vendors in the Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia from May to July 2017. Data on the sociodemographic and associated factors were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The stool specimens collected were examined for Salmonella and Shigella using recommended culture methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using the disk diffusion technique. Data were described using descriptive statistical tools. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with Salmonella and Shigella infections. A P-value ⩽ .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella was 8.7% (95% confidence interval: 5.6, 10.3). The most common isolates were Salmonella (6%). Most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (97.7%), ampicillin (89.5%), and tetracycline (68.4%). Almost half (47.4%) of Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant. Food vendors who did not wash hands with soap after the use of the toilet (adjusted odds ratio: 3.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 7.9), and who had untrimmed fingernails (adjusted odds ratio: 4.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 9.3) had higher odds of Salmonella and Shigella compared with their counterparts. Conclusions: The carrier rate of Salmonella and Shigella was relatively low. Most isolates have developed resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. The odds of Salmonella and Shigella was high among those who lack a habit of hand washing with soap after the use of the toilet and with untrimmed fingernails. Regular screening and appropriate hygienic control measures are needed in place to reduce the risk of infections.

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