scholarly journals Potential Role of Nrf2 Activators with Dual Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in the Management of Viral Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 1735-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Yin Lin ◽  
Chun-An Yao
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN LINOMIDE-TREATED NOD MICE AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF A Th1/Th2 SHIFT ON AUTOIMMUNE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES

Cytokine ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Weiss ◽  
Vivian Barak ◽  
Michael Zeira ◽  
Ali Abdul-Hai ◽  
Israel Raibstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Potential role of acetylsalicilic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer risk reduction (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Buheruk ◽  
O. B. Voloshyna ◽  
L. I. Kovalchuk ◽  
I. V. Balashova ◽  
O. V. Naidionova
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the existing evidence regarding the possibilities of using acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce cancer risk. Conclusions. Chronic inflammation facilitates the onset and progress of tumour growth. Anti-cancer properties of acetylsalicylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are mediated via cyclooxygenase COX-dependent mechanisms, as well as other tumorigenic pathways. Current systematic review addresses potential role of ASA and other NSAIDs in reduction of cancer risk for the following localizations: head and neck, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, breast, ovaries, prostate, and skin. The role of ASA in primary prevention of colorectal cancer in specific populations is presented in 2016 U. S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Studies indicate heterogeneous protective potential of ASA against different cancer types, depending on studied population, duration of intake and dose. Influence of non-aspirin NSAIDs on cancer morbidity and mortality is more controversial.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Therapeutic Dose of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LWMH) to Attenuate Hyper-Inflammatory State in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Mohsin Sheraz Mughal ◽  
Ikwinder Preet Kaur ◽  
Ali R. Jaffery ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Introduction:The underlying pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 involves cytokine storm syndrome that is associated with an elevation of immunoinflammatory cytokines [1]. This hyper-inflammatory state has been implicated with coagulopathy among severely sick patients with COVID-19. Inflammation and coagulopathy are interlinked processes [2]. Coagulopathy has been associated with high mortality in COVID-19 patients [3]. LMWH is traditionally used for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties, however, its anti-inflammatory effect has not been fully elucidated. A study done by Shastri et al. suggested that LMWH can inhibit the release of different cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α) [4]. Recent retrospective studies on COVID-19 illustrated that the LMWH (40-60 mg, subcutaneously every day) was associated with better prognosis as measured by (28 days of survival) in severely sick patients meeting sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC≥4) criteria compared to nonusers [5]. The potential role of escalated/therapeutic LMWH (1mg/kg/subcutaneously every 12 hours) remains unclear. This study involves a retrospective analysis of the potential role of an escalated dose of LMWH to alter the hyper-inflammatory state in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and compared outcomes to those patients who received a low dose (40-60 mg, subcutaneously every day) of LMWH. Methods:Adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by nasopharyngeal (NP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) who were hospitalized from March 1st to April 20, 2020, were included. They were divided into two cohorts based on the dose of LMWH; cohort 1 (40-60 mg, subcutaneously every day) and cohort 2 (1mg/kg/subcutaneously every 12 hours). Categorical variables were compared by conducting a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test while continuous ones were compared by conducting a median two-sample test. Results:The median values of PT, PTT, INR, CRPmax, LDHmax, ferritinmax, D-dimermax, are mentioned in table 1. Incidence of thrombotic events (deep venous thrombosis, ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism) was higher in cohort 1 (n=3, 4.8%) compared to cohort 2 (n=1, 2.6%). Cohort 2 had a higher number of patients who received ICU level of care (n=24) compared to the 6 patients in cohort 1. Out of 24 patients in cohort 2, 18 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. The median value of length of stay in the hospital (10.0 days) and all-cause mortality (31.6 %) were higher in cohort 2 as compared to cohort 1 (p<0.05). Discussion:Infections have the ability to trigger systemic inflammation [6]. The interplay between the host system and its response to foreign pathogens can lead to the activation of coagulation pathways. SARS-CoV-2 entry via ACE-2 receptors on endothelial cells is likely associated with endothelial dysfunction. This endotheliopathy plays a significant role in COVID-19 related microcirculatory changes [7]. Severe COVID-19, a hyperinflammatory state, is marked by elevated inflammatory markers including D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, LDH, and CRP levels. Elevated D-dimer levels have been correlated with disease severity and poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 [8]. The incidence of VTE and pulmonary embolism among COVID-19 ICU patients was higher in a study from France [9]. The patient population who received the escalated dose of LMWH in our study either had SIC score ≥ 4 or D-dimer ≥ 2.2 (FEU). This data indicated that the median value of peak inflammatory markers in cohort 1 was lower (p<0.05) when compared to cohort 2. Patients in cohort 2 were sicker than cohort 1, as evidenced by a statistically significant longer length of hospital stay and a higher rate of ICU admission. However, the potential dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of LMWH was not observed. Additional studies evaluating comorbidities and disease severity in both cohorts may yield different results. Conclusion:Aside from the known anticoagulant benefit of LMWH, there was no additional anti-inflammatory role with higher doses (1mg/kg/subcutaneously every 12 hours) of LMWH. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of the Therapeutical Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and Clues to Its Anti-COVID-19 Utility

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Caterina Vicidomini ◽  
Valentina Roviello ◽  
Giovanni N. Roviello
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Problem Drug

The current COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is enormously affecting the worldwide health and economy. In the wait for an effective global immunization, the development of a specific therapeutic protocol to treat COVID-19 patients is clearly necessary as a short-term solution of the problem. Drug repurposing and herbal medicine represent two of the most explored strategies for an anti-COVID-19 drug discovery. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is a well-known culinary spice that has been used for centuries in folk medicine in many disorders. Interestingly, traditional medicines have used clove since ancient times to treat respiratory ailments, whilst clove ingredients show antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Other interesting features are the clove antithrombotic, immunostimulatory, and antibacterial effects. Thus, in this review, we discuss the potential role of clove in the frame of anti-COVID-19 therapy, focusing on the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects of clove and its molecular constituents described in the scientific literature.

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