scholarly journals Astrocyte HIF-2α supports learning in a passive avoidance paradigm under hypoxic stress

Hypoxia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 6 ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Leiton ◽  
Elyssa Chen ◽  
Alissa Cutrone ◽  
Kristy Conn ◽  
Kennelia Mellanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm

scholarly journals A Synthetic Retinoid Am80 (Tamibarotene) Rescues the Memory Deficit Caused by Scopolamine in a Passive Avoidance Paradigm

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Shudo ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagechika ◽  
Noriyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Masaharu Igarashi ◽  
Chiaki Tateda
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Synthetic Retinoid ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm

Retention of Massed vs Distributed Response-Prevention Treatments in Rats and a Revised Training Procedure

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Martasian ◽  
Nelson F. Smith ◽  
Stephen A. Neill ◽  
Thomas S. Rieg
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Avoidance Apparatus

Two experiments were conducted to estimate the retention of response-prevention effects using massed vs distributed treatments in a model of animal avoidance-learning. In Exp. I, 120 rats were trained to avoid shock in a one-way platform avoidance apparatus. Groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in a 36-min. massed session or in several sessions distributed over a four-day period. In Exp. II, 160 rats were given two trials of escape training in a one-way shuttle box. Groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in a 24-min. session of massed or distributed treatments delivered in one day. Subjects in both studies were tested using a passive-avoidance paradigm immediately following treatment, 24 hours later, and 30 days later. Analysis showed that response-prevention treatments were effective in reducing avoidance behavior and there were no significant differences in retention of avoidance associated with massed vs distributed response-prevention treatments. Implications for animals and humans are discussed, and researchers are encouraged to change from a criterion training procedure to an escape procedure since the latter is a closer analogue to the human condition.

scholarly journals Role of 5-HT1A Receptors in a Mouse Passive Avoidance Paradigm

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Galeotti ◽  
Carla Ghelardini ◽  
Alessandro Bartolini
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm

Pharmacological Approach of Pistacia Vera Fruit to Assess Learning and Memory Potential in Chemically-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Satyam Singh ◽  
Dharamveer ◽  
Mayank Kulshreshtha
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Step Down

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the potential of Pistacia vera (P. vera) fruits in experimental memory impairments in mice. Material & Methods: Memory impairment was induced in Swiss Albino mice by scopolamine (0.4mg mg/kg. i.p). Animals were divided into five separate groups of six animals each, positive control group received carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as vehicle, negative control group received scopolamine with vehicle, and standard group received donepezil (5mg/kg i.p) with Scopolamine. Ethanolic extract of P. vera (EEPV) at doses of 200mg/kg & 400mg/kg p.o were administered to group test1 & test 2 respectively along with scopolamine. Elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance paradigms and morris water maze (MWM) were used as exteroceptive behavioral models to access learning and memory activity. Transfer latency, step down latency and escape latency parameters were evaluated plus maze, passive avoidance paradigm, morris water maze. Thereafter lipid peroxidation test, glutathione level and catalase activities were estimated in homogenized brain of mice. Results: Pretreatment of mice with EEPV (200mg/kg & 400mg/kg) significantly reduced scopolamine induced amnesia. The obtained data clearly revealed that there was increase in escape latency in MWM and also increase in step down latency in passive avoidance paradigm. Transfer latencey was found to be decrease in EPM and biochemical. Parameters were clearly satisfied the data as compared to negative control group which was indicative of cognitive improvement. Conclusion: P. vera fruit extract demonstrated to improve cognitive process by enhancing memory in different experimental paradigm such as EPM, passive avoidance and MWM when administered orally. Hence it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of memory disorders.

PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF GLABRIDIN RICH EXTRACT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA USING PASSIVE AVOIDANCE PARADIGM IN RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
S. K Desai ◽  
◽  
C. H Pandey ◽  
S.M. Mulgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Cellular Antioxidants ◽  
Monoamino Oxidase

The study was aimed at establishing the nootropic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra using appropriate experimental model. Nootropic activity evaluation of Glabridin Rich Extract (GRE) of roots and stems of Glycyrrhiza glabra was carried out in rats using passive avoidance paradigm. In this model, scopolamine induced imbalance in the level of biochemical parameters like increase of lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase levels and decrease of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and dopamine levels leading to impairment in cognitive functions were normalized following administration of GRE. An enhancement in step down latency was also seen in scopolamine induced memory impairment following GRE treatment. The mechanism of such protection of Glycyrrhiza glabra may be due to reduction in anticholinesterase levels, monoamino oxidase inhibition and augmentation of cellular antioxidants. Our data suggests that Glycyrrhiza glabra is a screened candidate that deserves to be investigated further as an herbal alternative for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

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