scholarly journals Patchy distributions of myelin and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 align with cytochrome oxidase blobs and interblobs in the superficial layers of the primary visual cortex

Eye and Brain ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Rockoff ◽  
Pooja Balaram ◽  
Jon Kaas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter

scholarly journals Immunoreactivity of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 Corresponds to Cytochrome Oxidase-Rich Subcompartments in the Visual Cortex of Squirrel Monkeys

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songping Yao ◽  
Qiuying Zhou ◽  
Shuiyu Li ◽  
Toru Takahata
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Afferent Terminals

Cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry has been used to reveal the cytoarchitecture of the primate brain, including blobs/puffs/patches in the striate cortex (V1), and thick, thin and pale stripes in the middle layer of the secondary visual cortex (V2). It has been suggested that CO activity is coupled with the spiking activity of neurons, implying that neurons in these CO-rich subcompartments are more active than surrounding regions. However, we have discussed possibility that CO histochemistry represents the distribution of thalamo-cortical afferent terminals that generally use vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) as their main glutamate transporter, and not the activity of cortical neurons. In this study, we systematically compared the labeling patterns observed between CO histochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for VGLUT2 from the system to microarchitecture levels in the visual cortex of squirrel monkeys. The two staining patterns bore striking similarities at all levels of the visual cortex, including the honeycomb structure of V1 layer 3Bβ (Brodmann's layer 4A), the patchy architecture in the deep layers of V1, the superficial blobs of V1, and the V2 stripes. The microarchitecture was more evident in VGLUT2 IHC, as expected. VGLUT2 protein expression that produced specific IHC labeling is thought to originate from the thalamus since the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the pulvinar complex both show high expression levels of VGLUT2 mRNA, but cortical neurons do not. These observations support our theory that the subcompartments revealed by CO histochemistry represent the distribution of thalamo-cortical afferent terminals in the primate visual cortex.

scholarly journals Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) in the primary visual cortex of the macaque and human

2012 ◽  
Vol 521 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Garcia-Marin ◽  
Tunazzina H. Ahmed ◽  
Yasmeen C. Afzal ◽  
Michael J. Hawken
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter

Neuropeptide Y-Containing Neurons are Situated Predominantly Outside Cytochrome Oxidase Puffs in Macaque Visual Cortex

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo O. Kuljis ◽  
Pasko Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Cortical Connectivity ◽  
Local Circuit ◽  
Immunocytochemical Method

AbstractLayers II/III of the primary visual cortex contain a regular pattern of histochemically detectable cytochrome oxidase (CO)-rich “puffs,” which differ from the interpuff regions in their thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical connectivity, receptive-field properties, and the density of inhibitory GABA-containing synaptic terminals. We used an immunocytochemical method, in combination with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, to analyze the spatial relationship between neurons that contain neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the CO puffs. Of a total of 606 neurons, only 2.6% of the NPY-containing cells are located in the puffs, whereas the rest are situated in the interpuffs, or at the interface between puffs and interpuffs. The number of NPY-containing neurons in the puffs is substantially less than that expected in an equal volume of the interpuffs (X2 = 13.86; df = 1; P < 0.001).These observations indicate that columns containing the puffs may differ also from those in the interpuff regions in that they contain a unique array of chemically and morphologically distinct local circuit neurons.

Broad-tuned chromatic inputs to color-selective neurons in the monkey visual cortex

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sato ◽  
N. Katsuyama ◽  
H. Tamura ◽  
Y. Hata ◽  
T. Tsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Color Stimulus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Monkey Visual Cortex

1. Input mechanisms of 21 color-selective cells in cytochrome oxidase-rich blobs in layer II/III of the anesthetized and paralyzed monkey primary visual cortex were studied by an iontophoretic administration of the GABAergic receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). 2. Color-selective blob cells become responsive to originally nonresponsive colors of stimuli or brightness contrast stimuli during removal of intracortical inhibition. 3. The magnitudes of the cells' responses to color stimuli during BMI administration were larger than the expected value of response calculated from the previously reported color tuning of color-selective geniculate cells and emission spectra of color stimulus. 4. These results suggest that color-selective blob cells receive a convergence of different types of chromatic inputs and that intracortical inhibition confers selectivity for a given color on them.

scholarly journals Time course of cytochrome oxidase blob plasticity in the primary visual cortex of adult monkeys after retinal laser lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 527 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-613
Author(s):  
Mariana F. Farias ◽  
Leslie G. Ungerleider ◽  
Sandra S. Pereira ◽  
Ana Karla J. Amorim ◽  
Juliana G. M. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Time Course
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