“Adjusting Internal Organs and Dredging Channel” Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating the Intestinal Flora and Inhibiting Inflammation

This study examined the in vivo effects of Echinops spp. polysaccharide B on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sprague-Dawley rats. We constructed a type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat models by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet plus intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin. Using this diabetic rat model, different doses of Echinops polysaccharide B were administered orally for seven weeks. Groups receiving Xiaoke pill and metformin served as positive controls. The results showed that Echinops polysaccharide B treatment normalized the weight and blood sugar levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, increased muscle and liver glycogen content, improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin secretion, and reduced glucagon and insulin resistance indices. More importantly, Echinops polysaccharide B treatment upregulated the expression of insulin receptor in the liver, skeletal muscles, and pancreas, and significantly improved the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-2 protein in the liver and pancreas, as well as it increased insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in skeletal muscles. These two proteins play crucial roles in increasing insulin secretion and in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings of the present study suggest that Echinops polysaccharide B could improve the status of diabetes in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, which may be achieved by improving insulin resistance. Our study provides a new insight into the development of a natural drug for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190722115410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 2602-2606 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shahzad Khan ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Modern World ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Main Factor

: Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and thus alleviates hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4 pathway.

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Alström syndrome: an ultra-rare monogenic disorder as a model for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-021-02643-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Dassie ◽

Francesca Favaretto ◽

Silvia Bettini ◽

Matteo Parolin ◽

Marina Valenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Monogenic Disorder ◽

Alström Syndrome ◽

Alstrom Syndrome

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