scholarly journals Early Predictors in the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes at Different Fasting Blood Glucose Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 1485-1492
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Xie ◽  
Guirong Bai ◽  
Huili Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
YanTing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Early Predictors

scholarly journals Cadmium Exposure Decreases Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Exacerbates Type-2 Diabetes in a Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Li ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Xiuxiu Liu ◽  
Zhijie Sheng ◽  
Bingyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cd Exposure

Abstract Purpose Although the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the development of diabetes have been extensively investigated, the relationship between Cd exposure and the severity of established diabetes is unclear. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to Cd in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes and the underlying mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 Mice were divided into the following four groups: 1) control group; 2) Cd-exposed group; 3) diabetic group; 4) Cd-exposed diabetic group. Cd exposure was established by the administration of 155 ppm CdCl2 in drinking water. After 25 weeks of treatment, serum fasting glucose and insulin were measured. Meanwhile, the liver and pancreas specimens were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lactate concentration and fibrosis in liver were evaluated. Results Clinical signs attributable to diabetes were more apparent in Cd-exposed diabetic mice. Interestingly, Cd exposure significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic group. We further demonstrated that the glycolysis related hepatic enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were both increased, while the gluconeogenesis related hepatic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate-1 (PCK-1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were both decreased in Cd exposed diabetic mice, indicating that Cd increased glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in diabetic model. Moreover, lactate accumulation was noted accompanied by the increased inflammation and fibrosis in the livers of diabetic mice following Cd exposure. Conclusions Cd exposure disturbed glucose metabolism and exacerbated diabetes, providing a biological relevance that DM patients are at greater risk when exposed to Cd.

scholarly journals Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujie Jiang ◽  
Qingpeng Xu ◽  
Aiwu Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Zhijiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases, and exploring strategies to prevent and treat diabetes has become extremely important. In recent decades the search for new therapeutic strategies for T2DM involving dietary interventions has attracted public attention. We established a diabetic mouse model by feeding mice a high-fat diet combined with injection of low-dose streptozotocin, intending to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of different dosages of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich germinated adzuki beans on the treatment of diabetes in mice. The mice were treated for 6 weeks either with increasing doses of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans, with non-germinated adzuki beans, with GABA, or with the positive control drug metformin. Then, the blood glucose levels and blood lipid biochemical indicators of all the mice were measured. At the same time, serum differential metabolite interactions were explored by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based serum metabolomic analysis. The results showed that body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). We also report improved levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and serum creatinine. We observed a significant improvement in the homeostasis model assessment of the beta cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-β and HOMA-IR) scores (P < 0.05) in the group of mice treated with the highest dose of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans. In addition, the metabolic profiles of the serum were analyzed, and 31 differential metabolites including amino acids and lipids were obtained. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, this was found to be correlated with nine significantly enriched metabolic pathways involving the up-regulation of levels of L-serine, SM (d18:1/22:1(13Z)), L-histidine, creatine, and 3-indoleacetic acid. Our data suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans on diabetic mice may be related to improving tryptophan metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, sphingosline metabolism, and the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. This study provides a reference for the application of GABA-enriched germinated foods in type 2 diabetes and could provide a cue for searching biomarkers to be adopted for T2DM diagnosis.

scholarly journals Meditation Programs for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manxue Mei ◽  
◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Zunjiang Li ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Review Question

Review question / Objective: Would meditation programs affect fasting blood glucose levels and HbA(1c) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Would meditation programs intervention be of benefit for remission of depression and anxiety level? Would meditation programs improve quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes？ Do meditation programs affect body mass index (BMI), serum lipid levels and level of blood pressure? Which type of meditation programs is better for type 2 diabetes patients? Are there any differences of efficacy among different meditation programs? To provide valid evidence for the effect of meditation programs for type 2 diabetes by synthesizing and comparing outcomes from clinical trials. Main outcome(s): The outcomes include fasting blood glucose levels and HbA(1c).

scholarly journals Effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on blood sugar and blood pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Rida J. Al-Basri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Surgery is one and may be the most effective method to treat obesity. In the last decade, Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy is perceived to be less invasive, technically simple, less morbid and more popular form of bariatric surgery. Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Blood Pressure.  Methods: A prospective controlled study in which 50 obese patients were involved, 36 of patients have hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus , 7 patients have type 2 diabetes mellitus only, and 7 patients don’t have hypertension or type 2 diabetes. All patients were submitted to Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital between October 2014 and October 2016. Results: Forty five of patients were females, while five were males . Mean age was 34 years, mean height 159 cm mean pre Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy weight was 121kg. Mean post- Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy weight was 82kg. Mean weight loss outcome at 1 year follow-up is 32.23% of total body weight. . Preoperative initial mean value of fasting blood glucose was 157.4 mg/dL and the declining occurred at 12 months after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy was 97 mg/dL . The hypertension remission rates 1 year after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ranges up to 54% of total number of patients and 75% of those with Hypertension. Conclusions: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy has an effect in improving Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Blood Pressure.

scholarly journals Residential Green, Blue Spaces and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Health Study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijia Li ◽  
Gongbo Chen ◽  
Anqi Jiao ◽  
Yuanan Lu ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Background: Evidence on the health benefits of green space in residential environments is still limited, and few studies have investigated the potential association between blue space and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence. Methods: The study included 39,019 participants who had completed the baseline survey from Henan Rural Cohort, 2015–2017. The Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were employed to characterize the residential green space, and the distance from the participant's residential address to the nearest water body was considered to represent the residential blue space. Mixed effect models were applied to evaluate the associations of the residential environment with T2DM and fasting blood glucose levels. Results: An interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI and EVI was significantly associated with a 13.4% (Odds ratio (OR):0.866, 95%Confidence interval (CI): 0.830, 0.903) and 14.2% (OR:0.858, 95%CI: 0.817,0.901) decreased risk of T2DM, respectively. The residential green space was associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels in men (%change, –2.060 in men vs. –0.972 in women) and the elderly (%change, –1.696 in elderly vs. –1.268 in young people). Additionally, people who lived more than 5 km from the water body had a 15.7% lower risk of T2DM (OR: 0.843, 95% CI: 0.770, 0.923) and 1.829% lower fasting blood glucose levels (95% CI: –2.335%,–1.320%) than those who lived closer to the blue space. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that residential green space was beneficially associated with T2DM and fasting blood glucose levels. However, further research is needed to explore more comprehensively the relationship between residential blue space and public health.

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