scholarly journals Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism Involving Upregulation of Sirt1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 2269-2280
Author(s):  
Chunjie Su ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Liyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

scholarly journals Abnormal renal and hepatic glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Meyer ◽  
M Stumvoll ◽  
V Nadkarni ◽  
J Dostou ◽  
A Mitrakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

scholarly journals Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (28) ◽  
pp. 2945
Author(s):  
Hong-Zhi Luo ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Hui-Zhou Deng ◽  
Zhi-Gang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Obese Patients

scholarly journals Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery improves hepatic glucose metabolism and reduces plasma kisspeptin levels in morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. G370-G374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robb Flynn ◽  
Vance L. Albaugh ◽  
Robyn A. Tamboli ◽  
Justin M. Gregory ◽  
Amma Bosompem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Insulin Responsiveness

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is known to improve whole-body glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the mechanisms are not entirely clear and are likely multifactorial. The aim of this study was to assess fasting hepatic glucose metabolism and other markers of metabolic activity before and after RYGB in patients with and without T2D. Methods: Metabolic characteristics of patients who are obese with T2D were compared with those without the disease (non-T2D) before and 1 and 6 mo after RYGB. Fasting plasma insulin and the insulin:glucagon ratio were markedly reduced as early as 1 mo after RYGB in both patients with T2D and without T2D. Despite this reduction, endogenous glucose production and fasting plasma glucose levels were lower in both groups after RYGB, with the reductions being much larger in T2D. Plasma kisspeptin, an inhibitor of insulin secretion, was reduced only in T2D after surgery. Improved hepatic glucose metabolism and lower plasma kisspeptin in T2D after RYGB may link improved hepatic function with enhanced insulin responsiveness after surgery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our manuscript is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to present data showing that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) lowers fasting kisspeptin levels in patients who are obese with type 2 diabetes. This lowering of kisspeptin is important because it could link improvements in liver glucose metabolism after RYGB with increased insulin responsiveness also seen after surgery.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

scholarly journals Potential of Creatine in Glucose Management and Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Marina Yazigi Solis ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bruno Gualano
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Glucose Management

Creatine is one of the most popular supplements worldwide, and it is frequently used by both athletic and non-athletic populations to improve power, strength, muscle mass and performance. A growing body of evidence has been identified potential therapeutic effects of creatine in a wide variety of clinical conditions, such as cancer, muscle dystrophy and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence has suggested that creatine supplementation alone, and mainly in combination with exercise training, may improve glucose metabolism in health individuals and insulin-resistant individuals, such as in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine itself may stimulate insulin secretion in vitro, improve muscle glycogen stores and ameliorate hyperglycemia in animals. In addition, exercise induces numerous metabolic benefits, including increases in insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. It has been speculated that creatine supplementation combined with exercise training could result in additional improvements in glucose metabolism when compared with each intervention separately. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of combined exercise and creatine supplementation is an enhanced glucose transport into muscle cell by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to sarcolemma. Although preliminary findings from small-scale trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are promising, the efficacy of creatine for improving glycemic control is yet to be confirmed. In this review, we aim to explore the possible therapeutic role of creatine supplementation on glucose management and as a potential anti-diabetic intervention, summarizing the current knowledge and highlighting the research gaps.

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