scholarly journals Presence of Adenovirus-36 DNA in Adipose Tissue of Women: Relationship with Adipocyte Morphology and the Expression of C/EBPβ and HIF-1α

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Jorge Barrera-Alcocer ◽  
Leonel García-Benavides ◽  
José F Muñoz-Valle ◽  
Ulises de la Cruz-Mosso ◽  
Ramón A González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adenovirus 36

scholarly journals Adenovirus 36 DNA in human adipose tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1761-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ponterio ◽  
R Cangemi ◽  
S Mariani ◽  
G Casella ◽  
A De Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adenovirus 36

scholarly journals Aetiological factors behind adipose tissue inflammation: an unexplored research area

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt J von Scholten ◽  
Erik N Andresen ◽  
Thorkild IA Sørensen ◽  
Tine Jess
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Adenovirus 36

AbstractObjectiveDespite extensive research into the biological mechanisms behind obesity-related inflammation, knowledge of environmental and genetic factors triggering such mechanisms is limited. In the present narrative review we present potential determinants of adipose tissue inflammation and suggest ways ahead for future research in the field.DesignWe searched the literature for potential determinants of obesity with inflammation through MEDLINE by applying the MeSH headings ‘obesity’ and ‘inflammation’ in combination with specific terms for a series of environmental and genetic factors.ResultsNumerous articles reported on the association between environmental or genetic factors and respectively obesity and inflammation, whereas only a few studies assessed obesity and inflammation as a combined outcome. Among suggested determinants for obesity with inflammation were Adenovirus-36, the gut microbiota,trans-fatty acids, and the four genesFTO,MC4R,TNF-αandLEPR.ConclusionsWe present a limited number of factors potentially contributing to the development of obesity with inflammation, while concluding that overall the area is indeed sparsely investigated. We present ideas for future studies that can identify relevant aetiological factors. This identification is essential for targeted prevention of obesity with inflammation and the clinical consequences thereof.

scholarly journals Obesity and Infection: Reciprocal Causality

2015 ◽  
pp. S105-S119 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. HAINER ◽  
H. ZAMRAZILOVÁ ◽  
M. KUNEŠOVÁ ◽  
B. BENDLOVÁ ◽  
I. ALDHOON-HAINEROVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Adenovirus 36

Associations between different infectious agents and obesity have been reported in humans for over thirty years. In many cases, as in nosocomial infections, this relationship reflects the greater susceptibility of obese individuals to infection due to impaired immunity. In such cases, the infection is not related to obesity as a causal factor but represents a complication of obesity. In contrast, several infections have been suggested as potential causal factors in human obesity. However, evidence of a causal linkage to human obesity has only been provided for adenovirus 36 (Adv36). This virus activates lipogenic and proinflammatory pathways in adipose tissue, improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and hepatic steatosis. The E4orf1 gene of Adv36 exerts insulin senzitizing effects, but is devoid of its pro-inflammatory modalities. The development of a vaccine to prevent Adv36-induced obesity or the use of E4orf1 as a ligand for novel antidiabetic drugs could open new horizons in the prophylaxis and treatment of obesity and diabetes. More experimental and clinical studies are needed to elucidate the mutual relations between infection and obesity, identify additional infectious agents causing human obesity, as well as define the conditions that predispose obese individuals to specific infections.

scholarly journals Adenovirus 36 DNA in Adipose Tissue of Patient with Unusual Visceral Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Salehian ◽  
Stephen J. Forman ◽  
Fouad R. Kandeel ◽  
Denise E. Bruner ◽  
Jia He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Adenovirus 36

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

A compendium of G-protein–coupled receptors and cyclic nucleotide regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Ceddia ◽  
Sheila Collins
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Nucleotide Regulation ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Thermogenic Adipocytes ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract With the ever-increasing burden of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, it is generally acknowledged that there remains a need for developing new therapeutics. One potential mechanism to combat obesity is to raise energy expenditure via increasing the amount of uncoupled respiration from the mitochondria-rich brown and beige adipocytes. With the recent appreciation of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, much effort is being made to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate the browning of adipose tissue. In this review, we focus on the ligand–receptor signaling pathways that influence the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, in adipocytes. We chose to focus on G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase regulation of adipocytes because they are the targets of a large proportion of all currently available therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a large overlap in their signaling pathways, as signaling events that raise cAMP or cGMP generally increase adipocyte lipolysis and cause changes that are commonly referred to as browning: increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and respiration.

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