scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic interactions between glimepiride and rosuvastatin in healthy Korean subjects: does the SLCO1B1 or CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism affect these drug interactions?

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume11 ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choon Ok Kim ◽  
EunSil Oh ◽  
Hohyun Kim ◽  
Min Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interactions

scholarly journals Potential Drug-Drug Interactions among Medications Prescribed to Adult Filipinos at a Primary Care Clinic in a Government Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiela Marie S. Laviña ◽  
Regie A. Layug
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Primary Care Clinic ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interactions

Background. A drug-drug interaction (DDI) is a pharmacologic or clinical response to the administration of a drug that can result in adverse outcomes. DDIs are considered preventable adverse drug reactions because these interactions can be learned, predicted and recognized. Objective. To determine potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) among medications prescribed to adult patients consulting at a primary care clinic in a government teaching hospital. Methods. This was a 6-month retrospective cross-sectional study of drug prescriptions based on medical records of adult Filipinos who were seen and managed at a primary care clinic in a government teaching hospital. Medical charts were systematically selected based on a sampling frame with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. A total of 1,490 medical records of adult Filipino patients were included in the study. There were a total of 261 unique prescriptions based on generic formulations and an overall total of 5,978 drugs for a 6-month period of clinic consultations. An average of 4 medications (SD±1.63) were prescribed for every consultation recorded in the medical chart. From the charts that were reviewed, 23% of all adults were given a prescription of 4 drugs (N=348/1490), 26% had 3 drug prescriptions (N=386/1490) and 18% had two drugs, respectively, per clinic visit. Overall, 714/9054 (7.88%) medication pairs were seen to have potential drug interactions. The top three most common drug pairs with pDDI were amlodipine-simvastatin, losartan/hydrochlorothiazide-metformin and aspirin-furosemide. Five hundred twenty-five drug pairs had pharmacodynamic interactions (525/714) while 94 drug pairs (15%) had pharmacokinetic interactions. Conclusion. Potential drug-drug interactions were observed in 8% of medications prescribed to adult Filipinos seen at Family Medicine Clinic in a government hospital. Seventy-four percent (74%) of the drug pairs with pDDIs were pharmacodynamic and 15% were pharmacokinetic interactions.

scholarly journals Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Drug-Drug Interactions of Procainamide and N-Acetylprocainamide with Cimetidine, an Inhibitor of rOCT2 and rMATE1, in Rats

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo-Seong Jeong ◽  
Anusha Balla ◽  
Kwang-Hoon Chun ◽  
Suk-Jae Chung ◽  
Han-Joo Maeng
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Pbpk Model ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Renal Elimination ◽  
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interactions ◽  
Physiologically Based

Previous observations demonstrated that cimetidine decreased the clearance of procainamide (PA) and/or N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA; the primary metabolite of PA) resulting in the increased systemic exposure and the decrease of urinary excretion. Despite an abundance of in vitro and in vivo data regarding pharmacokinetic interactions between PA/NAPA and cimetidine, however, a mechanistic approach to elucidate these interactions has not been reported yet. The primary objective of this study was to construct a physiological model that describes pharmacokinetic interactions between PA/NAPA and cimetidine, an inhibitor of rat organic cation transporter 2 (rOCT2) and rat multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (rMATE1), by performing extensive in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies for PA and NAPA performed in the absence or presence of cimetidine in rats. When a single intravenous injection of PA HCl (10 mg/kg) was administered to rats, co-administration of cimetidine (100 mg/kg) significantly increased systemic exposure and decreased the systemic (CL) and renal (CLR) clearance of PA, and reduced its tissue distribution. Similarly, cimetidine significantly decreased the CLR of NAPA formed by the metabolism of PA and increased the AUC of NAPA. Considering that these drugs could share similar renal secretory pathways (e.g., via rOCT2 and rMATE1), a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model incorporating semi-mechanistic kidney compartments was devised to predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Using our proposed PBPK model, DDIs between PA/NAPA and cimetidine were successfully predicted for the plasma concentrations and urinary excretion profiles of PA and NAPA observed in rats. Moreover, sensitivity analyses of the pharmacokinetics of PA and NAPA showed the inhibitory effects of cimetidine via rMATE1 were probably important for the renal elimination of PA and NAPA in rats. The proposed PBPK model may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of interactions between PA/NAPA and cimetidine in vivo.

scholarly journals Implications of antibacterial scheduling in newborns in clinical nursing practice

Rev Rene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Waltemberg Moreira da Silva ◽  
Regina Cláudia Melo Dodt ◽  
Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de Carvalho ◽  
Amaurilio Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Luis Gustavo Oliveira Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Clinical Nursing ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interactions ◽  
Drug Scheduling

Objective: to identify drug associations related to the scheduling of antibiotics in the neonatal unit which may cause drug interactions. Methods: a retrospective documentary study using medical records of newborns admitted into the neonatal unit. The sample was composed of 92 newborn medical records. Data were collected through forms and presented in tables and figures. Results: associations in drug scheduling leading to pharmacokinetic interactions were found in 24 medical records, highlighting associations between amikacin and ampicillin, cefepime and furosemide, and vancomycin and furosemide. Conclusion: the scheduling of drugs at the same time represents a risk to newborn's health due to the possibility of drug interactions.

Opioid Drug-Drug Interactions: A Review

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Liston ◽  
John S. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Formation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interactions ◽  
Cyp 2D6 ◽  
Enzyme Inducers

Opioid analgesics are among the most commonly prescribed medications. Frequently, they are combined with other therapeutic agents and pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions may ensue. This review summarizes published case reports and studies of potential opioid drug interactions. A MED-LINE computer literature search (1966-1998) was undertaken to retrieve all pertinent case reports and studies of opioid drug interactions published in the English language. The results of the search indicate that numerous compounds from various therapeutic classes may participate in clinically significant pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Pharmacodynamic interactions usually involved additive central nervous system depression. Additionally, propoxyphene and tramadol can potentiate a hyperserotonergic state when coadministered with the SSRIs and MAOIs. Pharmacokinetic interactions typically involved inhibition or induction by specific hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes. Agents with enzyme inhibiting ability such as erythromycin, cimetidine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to potentiate the effects of certain opioid analgesics while codeine, which requires metabolic conversion via CYP 2D6 for pharmacological effectiveness, has reduced analgesic efficacy in the presence of inhibitors. The enzyme inducers rifampin and several anticonvulsants have been involved in the emergence of methadone withdrawal when added to existing methadone treatment. Additionally, enzyme inducers can increase the formation of the toxic metabolite of meperidine. Genetic polymorphism also potentially impacts the effectiveness of agents such as codeine since reduced active metabolite formation and analgesic efficacy has been demonstrated in individuals who lack CYP 2D6 activity.

scholarly journals Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Cytochromes: A General Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Tod ◽  
Christina Nkoud-Mongo ◽  
François Gueyffier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Drug Interactions

Cytochrome P450: Genetic Polymorphism and Drug Interactions

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Belpaire ◽  
M.G. Bogaert
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Drug Interactions
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