scholarly journals Expanding role of lenalidomide in hematologic malignancies

2015 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Ghosh ◽  
Michael Grunwald ◽  
Omotayo Fasan ◽  
Manisha Bhutani
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancies

scholarly journals Ready for prime time: role for geriatric assessment to improve quality of care in hematology practice

Hematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi D. Klepin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Assessment Measures

Abstract Older adults represent the growing majority of patients diagnosed with hematologic disorders, yet they remain underrepresented on clinical trials. Older patients of the same chronologic age differ from one another with varying comorbidity and functional reserve. The concepts of frailty and resilience are important to patient-centered care and are patient and setting specific. The use of geriatric assessment to inform tailored decision making and management can personalize care for older adults with hematologic malignancies. This article will highlight available evidence to support the role of geriatric assessment measures to enhance quality of care for older adults diagnosed with hematologic malignancies.

scholarly journals The Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Methylation Modifications in Hematological Malignancies

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Hongling Peng
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Epigenetics is identified as the study of heritable modifications in gene expression and regulation that do not involve DNA sequence alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, etc. Importantly, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is one of the most common epigenetic modifications of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), which plays a key role in various cellular processes. It can not only mediate various RNA metabolic processes such as RNA splicing, translation, and decay under the catalytic regulation of related enzymes but can also affect the normal development of bone marrow hematopoiesis by regulating the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment of bone marrow. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A methylation modifications play an important role in the development and progression of hematologic malignancies (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes [MDS], multiple myeloma [MM], etc.). Targeting the inhibition of m6A-associated factors can contribute to increased susceptibility of patients with hematologic malignancies to therapeutic agents. Therefore, this review elaborates on the biological characteristics and normal hematopoietic regulatory functions of m6A methylation modifications and their role in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies.

scholarly journals Autophagy and Metabolism in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8540
Author(s):  
Ioanna E. Stergiou ◽  
Efstathia K. Kapsogeorgou
Keyword(s):  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Multipotent Differentiation

The hematopoietic system relies on regulation of both metabolism and autophagy to maintain its homeostasis, ensuring the self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs display a distinct metabolic profile from that of their differentiated progeny, while metabolic rewiring from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been shown to be crucial for effective hematopoietic differentiation. Autophagy-mediated regulation of metabolism modulates the distinct characteristics of quiescent and differentiating hematopoietic cells. In particular, mitophagy determines the cellular mitochondrial content, thus modifying the level of OXPHOS at the different differentiation stages of hematopoietic cells, while, at the same time, it ensures the building blocks and energy for differentiation. Aberrations in both the metabolic status and regulation of the autophagic machinery are implicated in the development of hematologic malignancies, especially in leukemogenesis. In this review, we aim to investigate the role of metabolism and autophagy, as well as their interconnections, in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals The Immune Response to Tumors as a Tool toward Immunotherapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pandolfi ◽  
R. Cianci ◽  
D. Pagliari ◽  
F. Casciano ◽  
C. Bagalà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Until recently cancer medical therapy was limited to chemotherapy that could not differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. More recently with the remarkable mushroom of immunology, newer tools became available, resulting in the novel possibility to attack cancer with the specificity of the immune system. Herein we will review some of the recent achievement of immunotherapy in such aggressive cancers as melanoma, prostatic cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. Immunotherapy of tumors has developed several techniques: immune cell transfer, vaccines, immunobiological molecules such as monoclonal antibodies that improve the immune responses to tumors. This can be achieved by blocking pathways limiting the immune response, such as CTLA-4 or Tregs. Immunotherapy may also use cytokines especially proinflammatory cytokines to enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The role of newly discovered cytokines remains to be investigated. Alternatively, an other mechanism consists in enhancing the expression of TAAs on tumor cells. Finally, monoclonal antibodies may be used to target oncogenes.

Defining the Role of Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-418
Author(s):  
Christoph Schmid ◽  
Jürgen Kuball ◽  
Gesine Bug
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Donor Lymphocyte Infusion

The Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Managing Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

2009 ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Heloisa P. Soares ◽  
Ambuj Kumar ◽  
Charles Bennett ◽  
Benjamin Djulbegovic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Hematopoietic Growth Factors

scholarly journals The ST2/Interleukin-33 Axis in Hematologic Malignancies: The IL-33 Paradox

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Vanessa Innao ◽  
Gennaro Tartarisco ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
Marco Casciaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Negative Role

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a chromatin-related nuclear interleukin that is a component of IL-1 family. IL-33 production augments the course of inflammation after cell damage or death. It is discharged into the extracellular space. IL-33 is regarded as an “alarmin” able to stimulate several effectors of the immune system, regulating numerous immune responses comprising cancer immune reactions. IL-33 has been demonstrated to influence tumorigenesis. However, as far as this cytokine is concerned, we are faced with what has sometimes been defined as the IL-33 paradox. Several studies have demonstrated a relevant role of IL-33 to numerous malignancies, where it may have pro- and—less frequently—antitumorigenic actions. In the field of hematological malignancies, the role of IL-33 seems even more complex. Although we can affirm the existence of a negative role of IL-33 in Chronic myelogenos leukemia (CML) and in lymphoproliferative diseases and a positive role in pathologies such as Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the action of IL-33 seems to be multiple and sometimes contradictory within the same pathology. In the future, we will have to learn to govern the negative aspects of activating the IL-33/ST2 axis and exploit the positive ones.

scholarly journals Acute Myeloid and Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Interactions with Endothelial Selectins: Critical Role of PSGL-1, CD44 and CD43

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Spertini ◽  
Bénédicte Baïsse ◽  
Marta Bellone ◽  
Milica Gikic ◽  
Tatiana Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Selectin Ligands ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia are poor prognosis hematologic malignancies, which disseminate from the bone marrow into the blood. Blast interactions with selectins expressed by vascular endothelium promote the development of drug resistance and leukostasis. While the role of selectins in initiating leukemia blast adhesion is established, our knowledge of the involved selectin ligands is incomplete. Using various primary acute leukemia cells and U937 monoblasts, we identified here functional selectin ligands expressed by myeloblasts and lymphoblasts by performing biochemical studies, expression inhibition by RNA interference and flow adhesion assays on recombinant selectins or selectin ligands immunoadsorbed from primary blast cells. Results demonstrate that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is the major P-selectin ligand on myeloblasts, while it is much less frequently expressed and used by lymphoblasts to interact with endothelial selectins. To roll on E-selectin, myeloblasts use PSGL-1, CD44, and CD43 to various extents and the contribution of these ligands varies strongly among patients. In contrast, the interactions of PSGL-1-deficient lymphoblasts with E-selectin are mainly supported by CD43 and/or CD44. By identifying key selectin ligands expressed by acute leukemia blasts, this study offers novel insight into their involvement in mediating acute leukemia cell adhesion with vascular endothelium and may identify novel therapeutic targets.

The Role of the Human Virome in Hematologic Malignancies

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Rosemary Rochford ◽  
Carrie B. Coleman ◽  
Bradley Haverkos
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancies
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