scholarly journals Delta-6-desaturase inhibitor enhances radiation therapy in glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 6779-6790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Huaxin Liang ◽  
Meiyan Sun ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Huijing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Delta 6 Desaturase

Synergistic anticancer activity of sorafenib, paclitaxel, and radiation therapy on anaplastic thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo

Head & Neck ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3678-3684
Author(s):  
Soo Young Kim ◽  
Seok‐Mo Kim ◽  
Hojin Chang ◽  
Hang‐Seok Chang ◽  
Cheong Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

scholarly journals Low-dose radiation therapy: a treatment for pneumonia resulting from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hamid Ghaznavi ◽  
Farideh Elahimanesh ◽  
Jamil Abdolmohammadi ◽  
Meysam Mirzaie ◽  
Sadegh Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
The World ◽  
Dose Radiation

Abstract Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly throughout the world. Lung is the primary organ which the COVID-19 virus affects and leads to pneumonia, an acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 infects the lower respiratory system, and the lung’s response to this infection is recruiting macrophages and monocytes leading to inflammation, this response causes widespread damage to the lung’s airways. Aim: The purpose of this study is to review studies of using low-dose radiation as a treatment for the inflammation of the tissue and pneumonia resulting from COVID-19. These studies were compared with the risk of developing lung cancer during performed dose for the treatment of COVID-19 in radiation therapy. Materials and methods: Our study focused on in vitro, in vivo and clinical reports of using low-dose radiation for the treatment of inflammation, pneumonia and COVID-19. The risk of lung cancer resulting from suggested dose in these studies was also evaluated. Conclusion: From the review of articles, we have found that low-dose radiation can lead to improvement in inflammation in different line cells and animals; in addition, it has been effective in treating inflammation and pneumonia caused by COVID-19 in human up to 80%. Since suggested doses do not remarkably increase the lung cancer risk, low-dose radiation can be an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Quantifying the effects of combination trastuzumab and radiation therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan J Bloom ◽  
Patrick N Song ◽  
John Virostko ◽  
Thomas E Yankeelov ◽  
Anna G Sorace
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Abstract Background: Trastuzumab, a clinical antibody targeted to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), has been shown to sensitize cells to radiation in vitro. Current studies lack longitudinal evaluation of cellular response and in vivo data is limited. The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of combination trastuzumab and radiation therapy in vitro and in vivo over time to determine if there is a synergistic interaction. Methods: EGFP expressing BT474, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were treated with 0.1 ng/ml of trastuzumab, 5 or 10 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment, and imaged using fluorescence live cell microscopy for one week. The Bliss independence model was used to quantify the effects of combination treatment. HER2+ tumor bearing mice (female NU/J) (N=34) were treated with saline, 10 mg/kg of trastuzumab, 5 or 10 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment. Tumor size was measured three times per week for four weeks via caliper measurements. Additional mice (N=13) were treated with 10 mg/kg of trastuzumab, 5 Gy of radiation, or combination treatment. Tumors were harvested at one week and evaluated with immunohistochemistry for inflammation (CD45), vascularity (CD31 and α-SMA), and hypoxia (pimonidazole). Results: Altering the order of therapies did not significantly affect BT474 cell proliferation in vitro (P>0.05). The interaction index calculations revealed additive effects of trastuzumab and radiation treatment in all three cell lines in vitro. In vivo results revealed significant differences in tumor response between mice treated with 5 and 10 Gy single agent radiation (P < 0.001); however, no difference was seen in the combination groups when trastuzumab was added to the radiation regimen (P=0.56), indicating a lower dose of radiation could be used without decreasing therapeutic efficacy. Histology results revealed increases in inflammation (CD45+) in mice receiving trastuzumab (P<0.05). Conclusions: Longitudinal evaluation of cell proliferation in vitro showed additive effects of combination therapy. In vivo results show a potential to achieve the same efficacy of treatment with reduced radiation when also administering trastuzumab. Further evaluation of tumor microenvironmental alterations during treatment could identify mechanisms of increased therapeutic efficacy in this regimen.

scholarly journals Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: Are We Ready to Individualize Radiation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlyn S. Everett ◽  
Drexell Hunter Boggs ◽  
Jennifer F. De Los Santos
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Postmastectomy Radiation ◽  
Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy ◽  
Personalized Approach

Contemporary recommendations for postmastectomy radiation have undergone a shift in thinking away from simple stage based recommendations (one size fits all) to a system that considers both tumor biology and host factors. While surgical staging has traditionally dictated indications for postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT), our current understanding of tumor biology, host, immunoprofiles, and tumor microenvironment may direct a more personalized approach to radiation. Understanding the interaction of these variables may permit individualization of adjuvant therapy aimed at appropriate escalation and deescalation, including recommendations for PMRT. This article summarizes the current data regarding tumor and host molecular biomarkers in vitro and in vivo that support the individualization of PMRT and discusses open questions that may alter the future of breast cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Efficacy of celecoxib in the treatment of CNS lymphomas: an in vivo model

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Adel Kardosh ◽  
Yuzhuang S. Su ◽  
Axel H. Schonthal ◽  
Thomas C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Leptomeningeal Involvement ◽  
Combination Treatments

Object The incidence of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) has increased over the past several decades. Unfortunately, even with the most effective therapeutic regimen (that is, methotrexate with whole-brain radiation therapy), PCNSL recurs within a few years in more than half of the treated patients and is eventually fatal. Because PCNSL usually occurs in older patients and in those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, combination treatments in which both chemo- and radiation therapy are used is often poorly tolerated and results in a significant reduction in the quality of life. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex), can block the growth of lymphoma cells in vitro. Methods To create an experimental animal model in vivo for the PCNSL study, the authors intracranially injected a human B-cell lymphoma cell line into nude mice. Their data demonstrate that this experimental model is an excellent one for human PCNSL with brain and leptomeningeal involvement. They also evaluated the feasibility of using celecoxib as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of PCNSL. Nude mice with intracranial lymphomas were treated with celecoxib contained in the animal chow. The treated animals demonstrated significantly prolonged survival times compared with the untreated animals. Conclusions Based on the authors' data, celecoxib may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of PCNSL.

scholarly journals EPEN-10. 5-FU ENHANCES RADIATION THERAPY IN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO TREATMENT OF 1q+ PFA EPENDYMOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii79-ii79
Author(s):  
Andrea Griesinger ◽  
Andrew Donson ◽  
Vladimir Amani ◽  
Andrew Domman ◽  
Angela Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Treatment

scholarly journals Recommendations for In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Combined with Radiation Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridon Spirou ◽  
Sofia Costa Lima ◽  
Penelope Bouziotis ◽  
Sanja Vranješ-Djurić ◽  
Eleni Efthimiadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Albendazole Chitosan Microspheres with Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy in the treatment of spinal echinococcosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibo Wang ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Weishan Wang ◽  
Yi Dai ◽  
Zhongpeng Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Chitosan Microspheres ◽  
Intensity Modulated

Currently, there is a lack of clinically safe and effective treatment for spinal cystic echinococcosis (CE). Recent studies have shown that albendazole chitosan microspheres (ABZ-CS-MPS) and irradiation have certain anti-abdominal echinococcosis ability, so this study aims to compare the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects of ABZ-CS-MPs, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and the combination therapy on spinal echinococcosis. Firstly, protoscolices were processed by different treatments to evaluate their respective anti-echinococcosis effect by monitoring the viability change of protoscoleces. Then, the apoptotic status of protoscoleces was evaluated by detecting the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential, the expression of apoptosis proteins and the ultrastructural alterations of protoscoleces. After that, we constructed a gerbil model of spinal CE and further applied B-ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging technology to assess the size of hydatid in vivo. Finally, the cysts were obtained and weighed to compare the inhibition rate in different groups. The combined therapy increased protoscoleces mortality to over 90% after 18 days, which showed the highest scolicidal effect. Moreover, confocal imaging, expression of apoptotic proteins and ultrastructural changes of protoscoleces showed the highest apoptotic rate in this group. In vivo, the combination treatment also exhibited the highest cyst inhibition rate (61.4%). In conclusion, our results showed that ABZ-CS-MPs combined with IMRT could be a new treatment option for spinal CE. We also provided a method to evaluate the growth and metastasis of hydatid in animals with B-ultrasound and MRI imaging technologies.

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