scholarly journals On model selection in cosmology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kerscher ◽  
Jochen Weller
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach ◽  
The Universe

We review some of the common methods for model selection: the goodness of fit, the likelihood ratio test, Bayesian model selection using Bayes factors, and the classical as well as the Bayesian information theoretic approaches. We illustrate these different approaches by comparing models for the expansion history of the Universe. In the discussion we highlight the premises and objectives entering these different approaches to model selection and finally recommend the information theoretic approach.

scholarly journals REALISMO, STRUTTURA, INFORMAZIONE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Quantum Information Theory ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Standard Object ◽  
The Common ◽  
Informational Realism ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach

In recent years, many scholars (Ladyman & Ross [39]; Floridi [25]; Bynum [9]) have been discussing the possibility of an ‘informational’ realism. The common idea behind these projects is that of taking the notion of ‘information’ as the central concept of both our scientific practice and our ontology. At the same time, many experts in Quantum Information Theory (Lloyd [40]; Vedral [53]; Chiribella, D’Ariano & Perinotti [14]) have developed the idea that it is possible to ground all our physical theories by following an information-theoretic approach. In what follows, I aim at showing that it is still not at all clear what does it mean to be an ‘informational realist’. Consequently, I show the reasons why I believe is misleading to talk about informational realism as something that could actually supersede the most common forms of realism, namely the standard ‘object oriented’ and the structural ones. Finally, I suggest that the only plausible way to define informational realism, and thus, more generally, to take a realist attitudine towards Quantum Information Theory, is that of assuming an epistemic and moderate structural position.

Sibilant sound change in the history of Portuguese

Diachronica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Zampaulo
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach

An information-theoretic approach

scholarly journals Information Theoretic Model Selection for Accurately Estimating Unreported COVID-19 Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaming Cui ◽  
Arash Haddadan ◽  
A S M Ahsan-Ul Haque ◽  
Bijaya Adhikari ◽  
Anil Vullikanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Estimating the true extent of the outbreak was one of the major challenges in combating COVID-19 outbreak early on. Our inability in doing so, allowed unreported/undetected in- fections to drive up disease spread in numerous regions in the US and worldwide. Accurately identifying the true magnitude of infections still remains a major challenge, despite the use of surveillance-based methods such as serological studies, due to their costs and biases. In this paper, we propose an information theoretic approach to accurately estimate the unreported infections. Our approach, built on top of an existing ordinary differential equations based epi- demiological model, aims to deduce an optimal parameterization of the epidemiological model and the true extent of the outbreak which "best describes" the observed reported infections. Our experiments show that the parameterization learned by our framework leads to a better estimation of unreported infections as well as more accurate forecasts of the reported infec- tions compared to the baseline parameterization. We also demonstrate that our framework can be leveraged to simulate what-if scenarios with non-pharmaceutical interventions. Our results also support earlier findings that a large majority of COVID-19 infections were unreported and non-pharmaceutical interventions indeed helped in mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak.

scholarly journals On the Undecidability among Kinetic Models: From Model Selection to Model Averaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico E. Turkheimer ◽  
Rainer Hinz ◽  
Vincent J. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach

This article deals with the problem of model selection for the mathematical description of tracer kinetics in nuclear medicine. It stems from the consideration of some specific data sets where different models have similar performances. In these situations, it is shown that considerate averaging of a parameter's estimates over the entire model set is better than obtaining the estimates from one model only. Furthermore, it is also shown that the procedure of averaging over a small number of “good” models reduces the “generalization error,” the error introduced when the model selected over a particular data set is applied to different conditions, such as subject populations with altered physiologic parameters, modified acquisition protocols, and different signal-to-noise ratios. The method of averaging over the entire model set uses Akaike coefficients as measures of an individual model's likelihood. To facilitate the understanding of these statistical tools, the authors provide an introduction to model selection criteria and a short technical treatment of Akaike's information–theoretic approach. The new method is illustrated and epitomized by a case example on the modeling of [11C]flumazenil kinetics in the brain, containing both real and simulated data.

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