scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Activated Carbons from African Teak (Iroko) Wood and Coconut Shell in Palm Oil Bleaching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davidson C Onwumelu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Fuller’S Earth ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

This study compares the effectiveness of activated carbons from the African Teak/Iroko wood (Milicia excelsia) and coconut shell as adsorbents in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) bleaching. This was done in order to source for local agro-waste substitutes for the imported Fuller’s earth. The materials were activated using analytical grade CaCl2 in 25% solution at a temperature of 109OC in a laboratory hot air oven. The obtained activated carbon samples were subjected to proximate analysis to ascertain their percentage ash, moisture, volatile matter and fixed carbon contents. The CPO to be analysed was degummed, neutralized and further bleached using 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, 10g, 12g and 14g of the adsorbent samples at a temperature of 130OC after which the obtained oils were analysed and results plotted. It was observed that the bleached oil samples generally had reduced specific gravity, opacity, colour, and free fatty acid (FFA) compared to the CPO. It was also observed that the opacity, colour, and FFA reduced as the adsorbent dosage increased. Conversely, the percentage colour reduction and the percentage FFA reduction increased with adsorbent dosage. Overall, the oil samples bleached by activated carbon from the African Teak/Iroko wood exhibited more desirable properties than the ones bleached by the coconut shell activated carbon.

scholarly journals Microwave irradiated coconut shell-activated carbon for decolourisation of palm oil mill effluent (POME)

Food Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdulsalam ◽  
C.M. Hasfalina ◽  
H.A. Mohamed ◽  
S.F. Abd Karim ◽  
M.S. Faiez
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

scholarly journals Equilibrium and Kinetics of CO2 Adsorption by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Impregnated with Sodium Hydroxide

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai ◽  
Suravit Naksusuk ◽  
Atichat Wongkoblap ◽  
Poomiwat Phadungbut ◽  
Prapassorn Borisut
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetics Of

The equilibrium and kinetics of CO2 adsorption at 273 K by coconut-shell activated carbon impregnated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was investigated. Based on nitrogen adsorption isotherms, porous properties of the tested activated carbons decreased with the increase of NaOH loading, with the decrease resulting primarily from the reduction of pore space available for nitrogen adsorption. Equilibrium isotherms of CO2 adsorption by activated carbons impregnated with NaOH at 273 K and the pressure up to 100 kPa displayed an initial part of Type I isotherm with most adsorption taking place in micropores in the range of 0.7–0.9 nm by pore-filling mechanisms. The amount of CO2 adsorbed increased with the increase of NaOH loading and passed through a maximum at the optimum NaOH loading of 180 mg/g. The CO2 isotherm data were best fitted with the three-parameter Sips equation, followed by Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The pore diffusion model, characterized by the effective pore diffusivity (De), could well describe the adsorption kinetics of CO2 in activated carbons impregnated with NaOH. The variation of De with the amount of CO2 adsorbed showed three consecutive regions, consisting of a rapid decrease of De for CO2 loading less than 40 mg/g, a relatively constant value of De for the CO2 loading of 40–80 mg/g and a slow decrease of De for the CO2 loading of 80–200 mg/g. The maximum De occurred at the optimum NaOH loading of 180 mg/g, in line with the equilibrium adsorption results. The values of De varied from 1.1 × 10−9 to 5.5 × 10−9 m2/s, which are about four orders of magnitude smaller than the molecular diffusion of CO2 in air. An empirical correlation was developed for predicting the effective pore diffusivity with the amount of CO2 adsorbed and NaOH loading.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TEAK LEAVES FOR THE DECOLORIZATION OF PALM OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Ofulue Ofulue ◽  
F. A. Adekola ◽  
V. O Adimula
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Bleaching Efficiency ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Great Relevance

The bleaching efficiency of activated carbon prepared from teak leaves was investigated for the removal of pigments from palm oil. The adsorbents were activated using KOH and FeCl3 as activating agents. The effects of adsorbent dosage (2% - 6 %), contact time (15 min. – 90 min.) and temperature (30 °C – 80 °C) were studied, while the unactivated adsorbent was used as standard. The ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content were determined and the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil investigated using 1.2 g activated carbon with 20 g crude palm oil. Bleaching efficiency was observed to be 93.09 % and 96.68 % for the KOH and FeCl3 activated adsorbent respectively, while the unactivated adsorbent was observed to have a bleaching efficiency of 89.21 %. The optimum bleaching efficiency was observed at a temperature of 70 °C, adsorbent dosage of 6 %, and contact time of 90 min. Results obtained suggests that teak leaves can be a source of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pigments from palm oil which is of great relevance in obtaining a clean environment.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Interaksi Karbon Aktif dengan Polaritas Minyak Nabati terhadap Karakteristik Pembakaran Premixed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Purnami Purnami ◽  
I Nyoman Gede Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon ◽  
High Polarity

Crude oil consumption has increased since the discovery of crude oil-fueled engine technology. However, the increase in crude oil consumption is not offset by the productivity of the product. This results in a reduced availability of crude oil. One solution found was to use alternative fuels from vegetable oils. Several researches have proven that vegetable oils can be used as fuel. The results of the research found potential in jatropha oil and palm oil. However, jatropha oil and palm oil contain glycerol compounds which can affect the results of its combustion, because glycerol can absorb heat and result in firing more difficult. Based on that, modification and development are needed to support the use of jatropha oil and palm oil as alternative fuels by studying oil polarity and adding catalysts for coconut shell-activated carbon. Jatropha oil has low polarity (C18) which is more volatile than palm oil which has high polarity (C13). The variation used in this research is the addition of activated carbon with a concentration of 0 ppm, 200 ppm, and 400 ppm in each oil. The addition of activated carbon will facilitate evaporation because oil molecules become more reactive more freely.

Renewable Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Based for Ethyl Orange Dye Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
M. Jusoh ◽  
Hajar Alias ◽  
Z.Y. Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent

A study on the performance of a renewable activated carbon towards concentration reduction for ethyl orange dye was conducted. The coconut shell activated carbon was prepared by varying the carbonization temperature and impregnation ratio of chemical activation agent and coconut shell. The effect of adsorbent dosage and temperature on performance of the synthesized AC was determined. The finding showed that the impregnation ratio of 2 and carbonization temperature of 800 °C were the best condition to synthesis the activated carbon. The result also showed that the increment in adsorbent dosage increased the sorption capacity for coconut shell AC. However, the temperature changes caused the fluctuation in reduction of dye concentration. Comparison with commercial activated carbon indicated that coconut shell AC had proved to be a low cost and efficient adsorbent in this research.

scholarly journals High-performance removal of methyl mercaptan by nitrogen-rich coconut shell activated carbon

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (37) ◽  
pp. 22892-22899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Ming Ke ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Pei Yu ◽  
Haiqiang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Methyl Mercaptan ◽  
Quaternary Nitrogen ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon ◽  
Pyridinic Nitrogen

Nitrogen-rich coconut shell activated carbons were prepared with high CH3SH capacity and easy regeneration. The catalytic activity is closely related to the contents of pyridinic nitrogen and quaternary nitrogen.

Sustainable development of coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) & a magnetic coconut shell activated carbon (MCSAC) for phenol (2-nitrophenol) removal

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (88) ◽  
pp. 85390-85410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Sarswat ◽  
Dinesh Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Slow pyrolysis coconut shell (CSAC) and magnetic coconut shell (MCSAC) activated carbons were prepared, characterized and used for aqueous 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) removal.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TEAK LEAVES FOR THE DECOLORIZATION OF PALM OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Ofulue ◽  
F. A. Adekola ◽  
V. O Adimula
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Bleaching Efficiency ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Great Relevance

The bleaching efficiency of activated carbon prepared from teak leaves was investigated for the removal of pigments from palm oil. The adsorbents were activated using KOH and FeCl3 as activating agents. The effects of adsorbent dosage (2% - 6 %), contact time (15 min. – 90 min.) and temperature (30 °C – 80 °C) were studied, while the unactivated adsorbent was used as standard. The ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content were determined and the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil investigated using 1.2 g activated carbon with 20 g crude palm oil. Bleaching efficiency was observed to be 93.09 % and 96.68 % for the KOH and FeCl3 activated adsorbent respectively, while the unactivated adsorbent was observed to have a bleaching efficiency of 89.21 %. The optimum bleaching efficiency was observed at a temperature of 70 °C, adsorbent dosage of 6 %, and contact time of 90 min. Results obtained suggests that teak leaves can be a source of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pigments from palm oil which is of great relevance in obtaining a clean environment.

scholarly journals Refining micropore capacity of activated carbon derived from coconut shell via deashing post-treatment

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7749-7769
Author(s):  
Kit Ling Chin ◽  
Chuan Li Lee ◽  
Paik San H'ng ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Md Tahir Paridah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

The discovery of new methods to control porosity and microarchitecture may lead to the refinement of carbon materials from lignocellulose as advanced functional materials. However, the high ash content on the surface of lignocellulosic biomass reduces the surface area and adsorption properties of the activated carbon. This study presents a novel approach, using a deashing post-treatment as the pore generator, to increase the quality of the activated carbon. The micropore capacity was improved by deashing post-treatment with distilled water, where 80% of the total pore ratio of the activated carbon was occupied with micropores. Ultrasonic treatment was able to penetrate deeper into the structure of coconut shell activated carbon, creating cavities and pores, thus increasing the surface area. Understanding the effects of these new controlling methods on pore refinement can elucidate the microporous fabrication of other activated carbons from high ash-content lignocellulosic biomass.

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