scholarly journals Cellular considerations for optimizing bone cell culture and remodeling in a lab-on-a-chip platform

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L Truesdell ◽  
Estee L George ◽  
Marnie M Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Cell Seeding ◽  
Bone Cell Culture

Our lab has developed a lab-on-a-chip platform for bone remodeling that enables long-term culturing of bone cells out to 7 weeks and serves as a foundation toward a multicellular organ-on-a-chip system. Here, we optimized culturing protocols for osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes within the lab-on-a-chip and performed functional activity assays for quantifying bone formation and resorption. We analyzed cell seeding densities, feeding schedules and time in culture as a basis for optimizing culturing protocols. Further, we addressed concerns of sterility, cytotoxicity and leakage during the extended culture period within the polydimethylsiloxane chip. This system provides a method for quantifying the soluble effects of mechanically stimulated osteocytes on bone remodeling (formation/resorption).

scholarly journals The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8182
Author(s):  
Yongguang Gao ◽  
Suryaji Patil ◽  
Jingxian Jia
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Bone Disorders ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and mineral homeostasis through the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. The imbalance in bone remodeling is known to be the main cause of osteoporosis. The imbalance can be the result of the action of various molecules produced by one bone cell that acts on other bone cells and influence cell activity. The understanding of the effect of these molecules on bone can help identify new targets and therapeutics to prevent and treat bone disorders. In this article, we have focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells. We have also summarized the different pharmacological osteoporosis treatments that target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chinese Medicine on Bone Cell Activities

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yu Lin ◽  
Jui-Sheng Sun ◽  
Shiow-Yunn Sheu ◽  
Feng-Huei Lin ◽  
Yng-Jiin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Bone Cell Culture

In this experiment, we investigate the biochemical effects of traditional Chinese medicines via an in vitro bone cell culture. Ten different Chinese medicines were used in this study. The rat osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system was used as the experimental model. After the cells grew to 80% confluence, various tested materials were added. The mitochondria activity of the bone cells after exposure to various preparations of Chinese medicines was determined by colorimetric assay. Biochemical markers such as protein content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) titer were analyzed to evaluate the bone cell activity. When cultured with various Chinese medicines for 24 hours, only four of these ten Chinese medicines had potential beneficial effects on the bone cell culture; and only Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. had a universal beneficial effect on bone cell metabolism. The major beneficial effect of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. on bone cells is probably mediated by the induction of apoptosis of the osteoclast cell population. Continued study of alterations in gene expression of bone cells caused by Chinese medicines will improve our understanding of bone cell responses to various pharmacological interventions.

scholarly journals Energy Metabolism of Bone

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Motyl ◽  
Anyonya R. Guntur ◽  
Adriana Lelis Carvalho ◽  
Clifford J. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Intimate Link ◽  
Body Energy

Biological processes utilize energy and therefore must be prioritized based on fuel availability. Bone is no exception to this, and the benefit of remodeling when necessary outweighs the energy costs. Bone remodeling is important for maintaining blood calcium homeostasis, repairing micro cracks and fractures, and modifying bone structure so that it is better suited to withstand loading demands. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes are the primary cells responsible for bone remodeling, although bone marrow adipocytes and other cells may also play an indirect role. There is a renewed interest in bone cell energetics because of the potential for these processes to be targeted for osteoporosis therapies. In contrast, due to the intimate link between bone and energy homeostasis, pharmaceuticals that treat metabolic disease or have metabolic side effects often have deleterious bone consequences. In this brief review, we will introduce osteoporosis, discuss how bone cells utilize energy to function, evidence for bone regulating whole body energy homeostasis, and some of the unanswered questions and opportunities for further research in the field.

BONE CELLS UNDER MICROGRAVITY

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 1340006 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG SHANG ◽  
JIAN ZHANG ◽  
AIRONG QIAN ◽  
JINGBAO LI ◽  
RUI MENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Skeleton Structure

Weightlessness environment (also microgravity) during the exploration of space is the major condition which must be faced by astronauts. One of the most serious adverse effects on astronauts is the weightlessness-induced bone loss due to the unbalanced bone remodeling. Bone remodeling of human beings has evolved during billions of years to make bone tissue adapt to the gravitational field of Earth (1g) and maintain skeleton structure to meet mechanical loading on Earth. However, under weightlessness environment the skeleton system no longer functions against the pull of gravity, so there is no necessity to keep bone strong enough to support the body's weight. Therefore, the balance of bone remodeling is disrupted and bone loss occurs, which is extremely deleterious to an astronaut's health during long-term spaceflight. Bone remodeling is mainly orchestrated by bone mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Here, we review how these bone cells respond to microgravity environment.

The effect of tai chi chuan on bone remodeling and cytokines among breast cancer survivors: A feasibility trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9610-9610
Author(s):  
L. J. Peppone ◽  
K. Mustian ◽  
R. N. Rosier ◽  
K. M. Piazza ◽  
D. G. Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan

9610 Background: Weight-bearing exercise may slow the rate of bone loss associated with breast cancer treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tai chi chuan (TCC) on bone health, as measured by the changes in the levels of bone resorption and bone formation. This study also aimed to investigate whether changes in bone health were correlated with growth and inflammation markers that serve as regulators of bone cell function. Methods: Female patients (N=16) who completed treatment for breast cancer within the past 30 months were randomly assigned to either the TCC group or the psycho-educational support group without exercise (ST) for 60 minutes, three times a week for a period of 12 weeks. Serum levels of bone resorption (N-telopeptides of type I collagen; NTx) and bone formation (bone specific alkaline phosphatase; BAP) were determined by ELISA at baseline and post-intervention. Using validated methods, a bone remodeling index (BRI) was calculated from levels of NTx and BAP. In addition, pre- and post-intervention levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), markers associated with excessive bone resorption, were measured. Lastly, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), believed to enhance bone formation, were measured at both pre- and post-intervention. Results: ANCOVA analyses demonstrated that survivors in the TCC group experienced a greater increase in bone remodeling than those in the ST group (Δ BRITCC=1.6 vs Δ BRIST=0.2; p=0.04). All correlations were determined by Pearson's correlation coefficients. IGFBP-1 was negatively correlated with increasing bone remodeling levels (r=-0.43, p=0.14). IL-2 was also negatively correlated with increasing bone remodeling levels (r=-0.35, p=0.24). IL-6 was positively correlated with increasing bone remodeling levels (r=0.69, p=0.01). Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that TCC has positive effects on bone remodeling through changes in growth and inflammation factors that regulate bone cell function. A larger, more definitive trial examining the influence of TCC on bone remodeling is warranted. Funding: Sally Schindel Cone and R25 CA102618 No significant financial relationships to disclose.

A novel modular device for 3-D bone cell culture and non-destructive cell analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3798-3807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Kunz ◽  
Claudia Bergemann ◽  
Ernst-Dieter Klinkenberg ◽  
Arne Weidmann ◽  
Regina Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Bone Cell Culture

scholarly journals Bone Re/Modeling Is More Dynamic in the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase(−/−) Mouse

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (9) ◽  
pp. 4392-4399 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grassi ◽  
X. Fan ◽  
J. Rahnert ◽  
M. N. Weitzmann ◽  
R. Pacifici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Basal Bone ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous estrogen-regulated signaling molecule that has been implicated in the regulation of bone maturation and remodeling. To better understand the role that bone-cell-secreted nitric oxide plays in ovariectomy-induced modifications of bone turnover, we examined the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in bone cells and bone progenitor cells at regular intervals up to 10 wk after acute estrogen deprivation. Ovariectomy led to an anticipated initial decline in bone cell eNOS production, but surprisingly, 17 d after ovariectomy, eNOS expression by bone and marrow stromal cells dramatically rebounded and was maintained at high levels for at least 10 wk after surgery. We examined the long-term consequences of eNOS in the process of ovariectomy-induced bone loss by prospectively analyzing bone mineral density in wild-type and eNOS(−/−) mice for 10 wk after ovariectomy. Ovariectomized eNOS(−/−) mice were observed to undergo an exaggerated state of estrogen-deficiency-induced bone remodeling compared with wild-type controls, suggesting that eNOS may act to mitigate this process. Furthermore, we found that whereas bone formation in estrogen-replete wild-type mice slowed between 14 and 20 wk of age, eNOS knockout mice continued to accrue basal bone mass at a high rate and showed no sign of entering a remodeling stage. Our data suggest that eNOS may play an important role in limiting ovariectomy-induced bone remodeling as well as regulating the transition from basal modeling to remodeling.

scholarly journals Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinaldo Florencio-Silva ◽  
Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso ◽  
Estela Sasso-Cerri ◽  
Manuel Jesus Simões ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Cerri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Structure And Functions

Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes act as mechanosensors and orchestrators of the bone remodeling process. This process is under the control of local (e.g., growth factors and cytokines) and systemic (e.g., calcitonin and estrogens) factors that all together contribute for bone homeostasis. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation can result in bone diseases including osteoporosis. Recently, it has been recognized that, during bone remodeling, there are an intricate communication among bone cells. For instance, the coupling from bone resorption to bone formation is achieved by interaction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Moreover, osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, whereas osteocyte apoptosis is followed by osteoclastic bone resorption. The increasing knowledge about the structure and functions of bone cells contributed to a better understanding of bone biology. It has been suggested that there is a complex communication between bone cells and other organs, indicating the dynamic nature of bone tissue. In this review, we discuss the current data about the structure and functions of bone cells and the factors that influence bone remodeling.

Response of normal and osteoporotic human bone cells to mechanical stress in vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E1113-E1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozien G. H. Sterck ◽  
Jenneke Klein-Nulend ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
Elisabeth H. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Bone Cell Cultures

Bone adapts to mechanical stress, and bone cell cultures from animal origin have been shown to be highly sensitive to mechanical stress in vitro. In this study, we tested whether bone cell cultures from human bone biopsies respond to stress in a similar manner as animal bone cells and whether bone cells from osteoporotic patients respond similarly to nonosteoporotic donors. Bone cell cultures were obtained as outgrowth from collagenase-stripped trabecular bone fragments from 17 nonosteoporotic donors between 7 and 77 yr of age and from 6 osteoporotic donors between 42 and 72 yr of age. After passage, the cells were mechanically stressed by treatment with pulsating fluid flow (PFF; 0.7 ± 0.03 Pa at 5 Hz for 1 h) to mimic the stress-driven flow of interstitial fluid through the bone canaliculi, which is likely the stimulus for mechanosensation in bone in vivo. Similar to earlier studies in rodent and chicken bone cells, the bone cells from nonosteoporotic donors responded to PFF with enhanced release of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and nitric oxide as well as a reduced release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The upregulation of PGE2 but not the other responses continued for 24 h after 1 h of PFF treatment. The bone cells from osteoporotic donors responded in a similar manner as the nonosteoporotic donors except for the long-term PGE2 release. The PFF-mediated upregulation of PGE2 release during 24 h of postincubation after 1 h of PFF was significantly reduced in osteoporotic patients compared with six age-matched controls as well as with the whole nonosteoporotic group. These results indicate that enhanced release of PGE2 and nitric oxide, as well as reduced release of TGF-β, is a characteristic response of human bone cells to fluid shear stress, similar to animal bone cells. The results also suggest that bone cells from osteoporotic patients may be impaired in their long-term response to mechanical stress.

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