scholarly journals Improved forensic DNA analysis through the use of alternative DNA polymerases and statistical modeling of DNA profiles

BioTechniques ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hedman ◽  
Anders Nordgaard ◽  
Birgitta Rasmusson ◽  
Ricky Ansell ◽  
Peter Rådström
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiles

scholarly journals Autosomal STR Profiling and Databanking in Malaysia: Current Status and Future Prospects

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Hashom Mohd Hakim ◽  
Hussein Omar Khan ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
Bryan Raveen Nelson ◽  
Geoffrey Keith Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiles

Science and technology are extensively used in criminal investigation. From the mid- to late-1980s, one of the scientific discoveries that has had a particularly remarkable impact on this field has been the use of highly variable DNA sequence regions (minisatellites) in the human genome for individual identification. The technique was initially referred to as DNA fingerprinting, but is now more widely referred to as DNA profiling. Since then, many new developments have occurred within this area of science. These include the introduction of new genetic markers (microsatellites also known as short tandem repeats/STRs), the use of the polymerase chain reaction for target amplification, the development of DNA databases (databanking), and the advancement and/or improvement of genotyping protocols and technologies. In 2019, we described the progress of DNA profiling and DNA databanking in Malaysia for the first time. This report included information on DNA analysis regulations and legislation, STR genotyping protocols, database management, and accreditation status. Here, we provide an update on the performance of our DNA databank (numbers of DNA profiles and hits) plus the technical issues associated with correctly assigning the weight of evidence for DNA profiles in an ethnically diverse population, and the potential application of rapid DNA testing in the country. A total of 116,534 DNA profiles were obtained and stored in the Forensic DNA Databank of Malaysia (FDDM) by 2019, having increased from 70,570 in 2017. The number of hits increased by more than three-fold in just two years, where 17 and 69 hits between the DNA profiles stored in the FDDM and those from crime scenes, suspects, detainees, drug users, convicts, missing persons, or volunteers were recorded in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Forensic DNA analysis and databanking are thus progressing well in Malaysia and have already contributed to many criminal investigations. However, several other issues are discussed here, including the need for STR population data for uncharacterized population groups, and pilot trials for adopting rapid DNA profiling technology. These aspects should be considered by policy makers and law enforcement agencies in order to increase the reliability and efficiency of DNA profiling in criminal cases and in kinship analysis in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Synergy between DNA polymerases increases polymerase chain reaction inhibitor tolerance in forensic DNA analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 405 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hedman ◽  
Anders Nordgaard ◽  
Charlotte Dufva ◽  
Birgitta Rasmusson ◽  
Ricky Ansell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Inhibitor ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Inhibitor Tolerance ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Genotyping irregularities observed in STR markers used in forensics and human identification in the Lebanese population

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Issam Mansour ◽  
◽  
Ansar El Andari ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
Variant Alleles ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Str System

Forensic DNA analysis is based on the evaluation of DNA profiles obtained from reference samples or crime scene traces. Profiles are determined using different commercial STR multiplex kits, which includeallelic ladders for the correct designation of alleles ofa given STR system. However, some new STR variants could be observed and their identification is essential for proper allele size calling in casework interpretation and cases of kinship matching or relationship testing. A total of 6392 samples were analyzedas part of the DNA work at our DNA testing facility from 2004 until 2016, where one hundred and twelvenew different STR variant alleles of 20STR loci wereobserved in the Lebanese population. Forty-fiveof these variant alleles were internationally reported in the STR-base whereas the remainingsixty-sevenalleles were observed for the first time. The loci included D3S1358, D19S433, D21S11, D13S317, TPOX, FGA, D7S820, D18S51, CSF1PO, D2S1338, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045, D2S441, Penta-D, Penta-E, SE33, D1S1656, vWA, and THO1.Also, four triallelic patterns were observed at D21S11, D12S391, D13S317 and Penta-D loci. Primer binding site mismatch that resulted in a discordance between the amplification of different kits was observed once attheD19S433 locus.

scholarly journals The future of forensic DNA analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1674) ◽  
pp. 20140252 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Core Set ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Dna Profiles

The author's thoughts and opinions on where the field of forensic DNA testing is headed for the next decade are provided in the context of where the field has come over the past 30 years. Similar to the Olympic motto of ‘faster, higher, stronger’, forensic DNA protocols can be expected to become more rapid and sensitive and provide stronger investigative potential. New short tandem repeat (STR) loci have expanded the core set of genetic markers used for human identification in Europe and the USA. Rapid DNA testing is on the verge of enabling new applications. Next-generation sequencing has the potential to provide greater depth of coverage for information on STR alleles. Familial DNA searching has expanded capabilities of DNA databases in parts of the world where it is allowed. Challenges and opportunities that will impact the future of forensic DNA are explored including the need for education and training to improve interpretation of complex DNA profiles.

Amelogenin test abnormalities revealed in Belarusian population during forensic DNA analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Borovko ◽  
Alena Shyla ◽  
Victorya Korban ◽  
Alexandra Borovko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis

scholarly journals Discovering a double murder through skeletal remains: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Manzoni ◽  
Andrea Ossoli ◽  
Venusia Cortellini ◽  
Andrea Verzeletti
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Forensic Case ◽  
Two Bodies

Forensic examination of human remains is a complex process that relies on the contribution of multidisciplinary forensic medicine specialties. Here we present a complex forensic case regarding a double murder whose victims were found almost completely skeletonized. Post-mortem investigations allowed us to define the biological profile of the two bodies (ancestry, sex, age and stature), to discover their identity through forensic DNA analysis, and to detect peri-mortem injuries caused by firearms and stabbing weapons. Three men were recognized as involved in the crime and two of them were condemned to life imprisonment for homicide. The judges accepted the reconstruction of the crime promoted by the Prosecutor (double firearm murder).

scholarly journals DN Testing as a Branch of Forensic Technology: Problems of Formation and Directions of Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Р. Л. Степанюк ◽  
С. І. Перлін
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
Living Organisms

The authors of the article have studied the problems and perspectives of the formation of specific branch of forensic technology, which is devoted to DNA analysis in order to solve the tasks arising in criminal proceeding. Particular attention has been paid to the lack of a corresponding component in the domestic system of forensic technology, unlike the forensic science of foreign countries. The necessity of development of forensic DNA analysis as an independent branch of forensic technology has been argued. It is confirmed by the following main arguments: the methodology of this field of research is based on the theory of forensic identification; its objects are traces of human and other living organisms; DNA analysis technologies are developed using the achievements of different sciences and adapted to solve problems of crime detection and investigation; they are aimed to ensuring the activities of law enforcement agencies in counteracting crime; the scope of DNA analysis application in crime combating should not be limited to forensic activities; legislative regulation of collecting and using personal genetic data is essential; DNA analysis technologies in terms of practical significance and fundamental scientific basis exceed all other branches of forensic technology. The authors have offered to define forensic DNA analysis as the branch of forensic technology that studies individual genetic characteristics of living organisms contained in their DNA, in order to identify them and solve diagnostic tasks in the detection and investigation of criminal offenses. Its structure has been determined. The authors have provided perspective development directions of forensic DNA analysis: ensuring the appropriate state of legislative regulation of relations in the field of selection and use of personal genetic information; implementation of effective means and methods of detection and removal of biological traces and samples; improvement of methods of forensic DNA testing; formation of recommendations concerning the peculiarities of using DNA analysis results for proving; development of the latest technologies of forensic DNA analysis.

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