Maximum confidence measure based interaural phase difference estimation for noise masking in dual-microphone robust speech recognition

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Cheng Liao ◽  
Yuan-Fu Liao ◽  
Chin-Hui Lee
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Robust Speech Recognition ◽  
Confidence Measure ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
Interaural Phase ◽  
Interaural Phase Difference

Interaural Phase Disparity of Stutterers and Nonstutterers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Stromsta
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Interaural Phase ◽  
Frequency Criterion ◽  
Interaural Phase Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phase Differences

Stutterers and nonstutterers cancelled the auditory sensation evoked by bone-conducted sinusoidal signals. They accomplished this by appropriate phase and amplitude adjustments of simultaneously presented bilateral air-conducted signals of the same frequency. Criterion measures of interaural phase difference at the point of cancellation were obtained for seven frequencies. The mean interaural phase differences obtained by stutterers were consistently greater than those of the nonstutterers. Based on time-equivalent values of the mean interaural phase differences, the values for stutterers were approximately twice as great as for nonstutterers at 150, 300, and 1200 Hz. The mean interaural phase difference found to exist for stutterers at 150 Hz approximates the magnitude of phase shift of normally delayed air-conducted auditory feedback of speech sounds that serves to induce experimental blockage of phonation. This relationship, in view of other findings, offers credence to the idea that disturbance of laryngeal function effected by an anomalous audition-phonation control system could be a causative agent in stuttering.

scholarly journals First Spike Latency Code for Interaural Phase Difference Discrimination in the Guinea Pig Inferior Colliculus

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 9192-9204 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zohar ◽  
T. M. Shackleton ◽  
I. Nelken ◽  
A. R. Palmer ◽  
M. Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Interaural Phase ◽  
Interaural Phase Difference ◽  
Spike Latency

scholarly journals Representation of Dynamic Interaural Phase Difference in Auditory Cortex of Awake Rhesus Macaques

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1781-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Scott ◽  
Brian J. Malone ◽  
Malcolm N. Semple
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Binaural Cues ◽  
Interaural Phase ◽  
Interaural Phase Difference

Neurons in auditory cortex of awake primates are selective for the spatial location of a sound source, yet the neural representation of the binaural cues that underlie this tuning remains undefined. We examined this representation in 283 single neurons across the low-frequency auditory core in alert macaques, trained to discriminate binaural cues for sound azimuth. In response to binaural beat stimuli, which mimic acoustic motion by modulating the relative phase of a tone at the two ears, these neurons robustly modulate their discharge rate in response to this directional cue. In accordance with prior studies, the preferred interaural phase difference (IPD) of these neurons typically corresponds to azimuthal locations contralateral to the recorded hemisphere. Whereas binaural beats evoke only transient discharges in anesthetized cortex, neurons in awake cortex respond throughout the IPD cycle. In this regard, responses are consistent with observations at earlier stations of the auditory pathway. Discharge rate is a band-pass function of the frequency of IPD modulation in most neurons (73%), but both discharge rate and temporal synchrony are independent of the direction of phase modulation. When subjected to a receiver operator characteristic analysis, the responses of individual neurons are insufficient to account for the perceptual acuity of these macaques in an IPD discrimination task, suggesting the need for neural pooling at the cortical level.

scholarly journals Dependency of the Interaural Phase Difference Sensitivities of Inferior Collicular Neurons on a Preceding Tone and Its Implications in Neural Population Coding

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 3313-3326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeto Furukawa ◽  
Katuhiro Maki ◽  
Makio Kashino ◽  
Hiroshi Riquimaroux
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Population Vector ◽  
Interaural Phase ◽  
Interaural Phase Difference ◽  
Inferior Collicular ◽  
The Difference

This study examined the sensitivities of the neuronal responses in the inferior colliculus (IC) to the interaural phase difference (IPD) of a preceding tone, and explored its implications in the neural-population representation of the IPD. Single-unit responses were recorded from the IC of anesthetized gerbils. The stimulus was a dichotic tone sequence with a common frequency (typically the unit’s best frequency) and level (10–20 dB relative to the threshold), consisting of a conditioner (200 ms) followed by a probe (50 ms) with a silent gap (5–100 ms) between them. The IPDs of the 2 tones were varied independently. The presence of a conditioner generally suppressed the probe-driven responses; the effect size increased as the conditioner IPD approached the unit’s most responsive IPD. The units’ preferred IPDs were relatively invariant with the conditioner IPD. Two types of models were used to evaluate the effects of a conditioner on the IPD representation at the level of IC neural population. One was a version of the population-vector model. The other was the hemispheric-channel model, which assumed that the stimulus IPD is represented by the activities of 2 broadly tuned hemispheric channels. Both models predicted that, in the presence of a conditioner, the IPD representation would shift in a direction away from the conditioner IPD. This appears to emphasize the difference between the conditioner and the probe IPDs. The results indicate that in the IC, neural processes for IPD adapt to the stimulus history to enhance the representational contrast between successive sounds.

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