scholarly journals Initial Selection and Cause of Disability for Individual Permanent Health Insurance

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-389
Author(s):  
María Cristina Gutiérrez-Delgado ◽  
Athol A. Korabinski
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Insurance Claim ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Selection

AbstractWe investigate the influence of initial selection (the impact of underwriting during the early years of a policy's life) on individual Permanent Health Insurance claim inceptions. In Gutiérrez-Delgado (1999) a decreasing trend was found. In this paper we include the effect of cause of disability and fit a generalized linear model in order to gain a greater understanding of the phenomenon. Both effects, policy duration and cause of disability, are found to have a significant effect on the number of claims. We describe their influence using factors that collect the information available through the fitted model. Results from both factors suggest that the grouping of diseases selected for the research helps to explain partially our earlier results. In addition there is some evidence of moral hazard in mental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases which also contributes to the understanding of the negative trend found.

The influence of the video assistant referee on the Chinese Super League

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 662-668
Author(s):  
Bo Han ◽  
Qiu Chen ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Changquan Wang ◽  
Tianbiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Research Result ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Super League

With the development and advancement of technology, various types of high-tech auxiliary equipment have been gradually introduced into football matches to assist referees to officiate the game. The Chinese football Super League (CSL) introduced the video assistant referee (VAR) in the 2018 season. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the introduction of VAR on football matches and on referees’ performance. This study compared the data of all 240 games without VAR in the season 2017 and all 240 games with VAR in the season 2018 using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and means comparison. The following match variables were considered: goals, penalties, red cards, yellow cards, fouls, offsides, playing time in the first half, playing time in the second half and total playing time. The study found that: 1) After the introduction of VAR, the number of offsides and fouls in the Chinese Super League dropped significantly (p < .001); 2) the playing time in the first and second half and the total playing time increased significantly(p < .001); 3) after the introduction of VAR, the home team advantage decreased slightly. The research result can help to better understand the impact of VAR on professional football, especially on the Chinese football Super League, it can also help referees to optimize their refereeing strategy.

A simulation study of impacts of error structure on modeling stock–recruitment data using generalized linear models

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
David Schneider ◽  
Joe Wroblewski
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Error Structure ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Impact

Stock–recruitment (S–R) models are commonly fitted to S–R data with a least-squares method. Errors in modeling are usually assumed to be normal or lognormal, regardless of whether such an assumption is realistic. A Monte Carlo simulation approach was used to evaluate the impact of the assumption of error structure on S–R modeling. The generalized linear model, which can readily deal with different error structures, was used in estimating parameters. This study suggests that the quality of S–R parameter estimation, measured by estimation errors, can be influenced by the realism of error structure assumed in an estimation, the number of S–R data points, and the number of outliers in modeling. A small number of S–R data points and the presence of outliers in S–R data could increase the difficulty in identifying an appropriate error structure in modeling, which might lead to large biases in the S–R param eter estimation. This study shows that generalized linear model methods can help identify an appropriate error distribution in S–R modeling, leading to an improved estimation of parameters even when there are outliers and the number of S–R data points is small. We recommend the generalized linear model be used for quantifying stock–recruitment relationships.

scholarly journals Incidence, Dependence Structure of Disease, and Rate Making for Health Insurance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yuan-tao Xie ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Chong-guang Jiang ◽  
Zi-yu Cai ◽  
Joshua Adagblenya
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Rate System ◽  
Copula Theory ◽  
Full Life Cycle

In order to analyze the two goals under the national strategy of “Healthy China”, this paper attempts to solve the problem of coverage rate and guarantee level of health insurance, as well as the rational allocation of full life cycle health insurance resources. This paper uses pair copula to model the dependence of different disease incidence and proposes an actuarial model for rate making in health insurance based on the dependence captured by pair copula. These are far more accurate than any other model and more proper for covering a basket of several different diseases. The data for the paper was drawn from the experience incidence table of major diseases (malignant tumor, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke sequelae) from the ages 0-65 years in the Chinese life insurance industry. Extending the hypothesis of independence in actuarial modeling, the authors comprehensively use a hierarchical copula theory to extract the dependence structure of risk variable in insurance. The classification rate making technology and survival analysis method in traditional actuarial pricing were also considered. This paper applied the generalized linear model, which is commonly used in nonlife insurance pricing for empirical study of health insurance rate making. The authors discovered that the incidence of major diseases and the single premium rate calculated by the generalized linear model under HAC dependence structure were both significantly different from that calculated by the Manchester United method without dependency. The authors also stated that the rate based on the generalized linear model under HAC dependence structure was a bit different from that without dependency but both were generally the same as that of Care Expert in PICC Health. The underestimation or overestimation of systematic risks and the distortion of the rate system can be eliminated if we combine risk dependence into modeling.

The impact of global positioning systems and plotters on fishing power in the northern prawn fishery, Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1645-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M Robins ◽  
You-Gan Wang ◽  
David Die
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Catch Data ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Management Controls ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Northern Prawn Fishery

The impact of global positioning systems (GPS) and plotter systems on the relative fishing power of the northern prawn fishery fleet on tiger prawns (Penaeus esculentus Haswell, 1879, and P. semisulcatus de Haan, 1850) was investigated from commercial catch data. A generalized linear model was used to account for differences in fishing power between boats and changes in prawn abundance. It was found that boats that used a GPS alone had 4% greater fishing power than boats without a GPS. The addition of a plotter raised the power by 7% over boats without the equipment. For each year between the first to third that a fisher has been working with plotters, there is an additional 2 or 3% increase. It appears that when all boats have a GPS and plotter for at least 3 years, the fishing power of the fleet will increase by 12%. Management controls have reduced the efficiency of each boat and lowered the number of days available to fish, but this may not have been sufficient to counteract the increases. Further limits will be needed to maintain the desired levels of mortality.

scholarly journals Transition Intensities for a model for Permanent Health Insurance

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Maria Ferraz Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
State Model ◽  
Multiple State ◽  
Multiple State Model ◽  
Tests Of Hypotheses

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to obtain approximations to the transition intensities defined for a multiple state model for Permanent Health Insurance (PHI) which enables us to analyse PHI claims by cause of disability.The approximations to the transition intensities are obtained using a set of PHI data classified by 18 sickness categories and the graduations of the transition intensities defined for a simpler model proposed in Continuous Mortality Investigation Reports, 12 (1991).In order to derive the approximations to the recovery and mortality of the sick intensities for our model, we carry out tests of hypotheses based on the distributions of average sickness durations. The approximations to the sickness intensities are obtained by estimating a statistical model for the number of claim inceptions, which can be formulated as a generalized linear model.

scholarly journals Voluntary private health insurance, health-related behaviours and health outcomes: evidence from Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Aistov ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrova ◽  
Christopher J. Gerry
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Supplemental Health Insurance ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper contributes to the discussion around ex-post (increased utilisation of health care) and ex-ante (changes in health behaviours) moral hazard in supplemental private health insurance. Applying a range of methodologies to data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey—Higher School of Economics we exploit a selection mechanism in the data to compare the impact of workplace provided and individually purchased supplemental health insurance on the utilisation of health care, on a range of health behaviours and on self-assessed health. We find compelling policy-relevant evidence of ex-post moral hazard that confirms a theoretical prediction and empirical regularity found in other settings. In contrast to other empirical findings though, our data reveals evidence of ex-ante moral hazard demonstrated by clear behavioural differences between those with self-funded supplemental health insurance and those for whom the workplace finances the additional insurance. We find no evidence that either form of insurance is related to improved self-assessed health.

The effect of the Video Assistant Referee on referee’s decisions in the Spanish LaLiga

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412098011
Author(s):  
C Lago-Peñas ◽  
MA Gómez ◽  
R Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Association Football ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
The Impact

Video Assistant Referee (VAR) was officially introduced into Association Football (Soccer) regulations in 2018. The aim of this study was to examine how the implementation of this technology has modified the play in elite soccer. The sample consists of all 760 matches played in the Spanish LaLiga during the seasons before and after the implementation of the VAR system. The following variables were recorded for each match and half: Fouls, Goals, Offsides, Penalties, Playing time, Red cards and Yellow cards. Match statistics were retrieved from the website of “Whoscored” ( www.whoscored.com ). A Mann-Whitney U test and Generalized linear model were used to compare seasons before and after the implementation of VAR. Overall, the findings of the present study showed that the VAR system does not dramatically change the play in elite soccer. Nevertheless: (i) there was a significant decrease in the number of offside after the implementation of VAR; (ii) there was a slight increase in the number of minutes added to the playing time in the first and second half and the full game; and (iii) in most of 70% of all matches, the checks of the match-changing incidents did not lead to review. Moreover, the impact of the VAR system on the game decreases with VAR-only reviews, where the final decision was only based on the communication with the VAR, compared to matches with on-field reviews, where the main referee reviewed the footage on a monitor near the pitch. These findings suggest that to reduce time-wasting and speed up the match, the number of on-field reviews should be reduced.

Poor longitudinal continuity of care is associated with an increased mortality rate among patients with mental disorders: Results from the French National Health Insurance Reimbursement Database

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hoertel ◽  
F. Limosin ◽  
H. Leleu
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Insurance Reimbursement ◽  
Reimbursement Database ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundResearch on the impact of the continuity of care (COC) on health outcomes in patients with mental illness is limited. This observational study examined whether the longitudinal COC is associated with a decreased likelihood of death among patients with mental disorders in the French general population.MethodData were derived from the French National Health Insurance (NHI) reimbursement database. Patients with any mental disorder who visited a psychiatrist at least twice within 6 months were included. The primary endpoint was death by all causes. We measured longitudinal COC with a psychiatrist twice a year between 2007 and 2010, using the COC index developed by Bice and Boxerman. The COC index was analysed as a time-dependent variable in a survival analysis after adjustments for age, gender and stratifying on comorbidities and social status.ResultsAmong 14,515 patients visiting a psychiatrist at least twice in 6 months and tracked over 3 years, likelihood of death was significantly lower in patients with higher continuity of care (hazard ratio for an increase in 0.1 of continuity, adjusted for age, sex, and stratified on comorbidities and social status: 0.83 [0.83–0.83]), particularly in those with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.ConclusionImproving longitudinal continuity of care in mental health care may contribute to substantially decrease mortality.

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