scholarly journals Development of Radiographic Contrast Agents for Diagnostic Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryne Didier ◽  
David Mankoff
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Radiographic Contrast

Effects of Radiographic Contrast Agents on Thrombin Formation and Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (08) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Parker ◽  
William Fay
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Radiographic Contrast ◽  
Inhibition Of Thrombin ◽  
Thrombin Formation

SummaryClinical trials suggest that the risk of thrombosis during coronary angioplasty is lower with ionic contrast agents than with nonionic contrast agents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. This study examined the effects of contrast agents on thrombin formation and its interaction with substrates, inhibitors, and ligands to define potential mechanisms by which contrast agents affect thrombus formation. Two ionic agents, diatrizoate and ioxaglate, and one nonionic agent, ioversol, were studied. Ionic agents inhibited factor X activation by the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex more potently than ioversol (53 ± 3.7, 43.0 ± 1.9, and 26.5 ± 2.4% inhibition by diatrizoate, ioxaglate, and ioversol, respectively, at concentrations of 5%). Ionic contrast agents were potent inhibitors of prothrombinase function, inhibiting thrombin formation by >75% at contrast concentrations of 0.6% (p <0.005). Ioversol inhibited prothrombinase to a significantly lesser extent than ionic agents. Clotting assays suggested that ioxaglate was the most potent inhibitor of thrombin generation in plasma despite having the least effect on fibrin polymerization. Contrast agents inhibited binding of thrombin to fibrin, with ionic agents producing a more potent effect than ioversol (p <0.02). However, contrast agents did not inhibit thrombin-mediated platelet activation, had only a minor effect on inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III, and did not affect thrombin-hirudin interactions. In summary, these studies identify specific mechanisms by which radiographic contrast agents inhibit thrombin formation and function – i.e. inhibition of tissue factor-dependent factor Xa generation, inhibition of the prothrombinase complex, and inhibition of thrombin binding to fibrin. These findings may help to explain the reduced risk of thrombosis during coronary angioplasty associated with ionic contrast agents.

Non-radioactive imaging strategies for in vivo immune cell tracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kiraga ◽  
Paulina Kucharzewska ◽  
Damian Strzemecki ◽  
Tomasz P. Rygiel ◽  
Magdalena Król
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract In vivo tracking of administered cells chosen for specific disease treatment may be conducted by diagnostic imaging techniques preceded by cell labeling with special contrast agents. The most commonly used agents are those with radioactive properties, however their use in research is often impossible. This review paper focuses on the essential aspect of cell tracking with the exclusion of radioisotope tracers, therefore we compare application of different types of non-radioactive contrast agents (cell tracers), methods of cell labeling and application of various techniques for cell tracking, which are commonly used in preclinical or clinical studies. We discuss diagnostic imaging methods belonging to three groups: (1) Contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging, (2) Magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) Optical imaging. In addition, we present some interesting data from our own research on tracking immune cell with the use of discussed methods. Finally, we introduce an algorithm which may be useful for researchers planning leukocyte targeting studies, which may help to choose the appropriate cell type, contrast agent and diagnostic technique for particular disease study.

Antibodies to Radiographic Contrast Agents Induction and Characterization of Rabbit Antibody

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Brasch ◽  
Joseph L. Caldwell ◽  
H Hugh Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Radiographic Contrast

Effect of radiographic contrast agents on leukocyte metabolic response

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hernanz-Schulman ◽  
R. Vanholder ◽  
M. -A. Waterloos ◽  
R. Hakim ◽  
G. Schulman
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Radiographic Contrast

scholarly journals  DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING PATHWAYS: ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENTS 

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Pankaj Yadav ◽  
Ashok Yadav ◽  
Prathibha Yadav ◽  
Shaily Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast

Reactions to iodinated radiographic contrast agents

1990 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad S. Gluck ◽  
Harold A. Mitty
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Radiographic Contrast
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