scholarly journals Dynamics of Cell Shaping and Migration on the Matrix with Cell-scale Stiffness-heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki EBATA ◽  
Satoru KIDOAKI
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shaping ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Development of a Decellularized Porcine Esophageal Matrix for Potential Applications in Cancer Modeling

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Hersh Chaitin ◽  
Michael L. Lu ◽  
Michael B. Wallace ◽  
Yunqing Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Growth And Migration ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Migration

Many decellularized extracellular matrix-derived whole organs have been widely used in studies of tissue engineering and cancer models. However, decellularizing porcine esophagus to obtain decellularized esophageal matrix (DEM) for potential biomedical applications has not been widely investigated. In this study a modified decellularization protocol was employed to prepare a porcine esophageal DEM for the study of cancer cell growth. The cellular removal and retention of matrix components in the porcine DEM were fully characterized. The microstructure of the DEM was observed using scanning electronic microscopy. Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and human primary esophageal fibroblast cells (FBCs) were seeded in the DEM to observe their growth. Results show that the decellularization process did not cause significant loss of mechanical properties and that blood ducts and lymphatic vessels in the submucosa layer were also preserved. ESCC and FBCs grew on the DEM well and the matrix did not show any toxicity to cells. When FBS and ESCC were cocultured on the matrix, they secreted more periostin, a protein that supports cell adhesion on matrix. This study shows that the modified decellularization protocol can effectively remove the cell materials and maintain the microstructure of the porcine esophageal matrix, which has the potential application of studying cell growth and migration for esophageal cancer models.

scholarly journals The Migration of Coalbed Methane under Mining Pressure and Air Injection: A Case Study in China

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Zhang ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Hai Pu ◽  
Xiaoping He ◽  
Pan Li
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Gas Outburst ◽  
Working Face ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mining Pressure ◽  
And Migration

Gas outburst has always affected the safety of coal mining. To eliminate this risk by high-efficiency extraction of coalbed methane (CBM) in 4102 working face of number 3 coal seam in Hebi Number 3 coal mine, a model of CBM extraction in working face was established which was considering the mining impact of adjacent 4101 working face. In this model, the coupling relationships between stress, desorption, and migration of methane were analyzed. Moreover, we also studied the changes of methane pressure, plastic failure scope, and permeability of coal during the mining and then verified the results with the field data. And on this basis, a stimulation solution for methane extraction by injecting air into coal seam was presented, and the extraction effect was simulated. The simulation results show that the injection of air decreases the effective stress of coal which increases the permeability of coal and promotes the methane migration within the coal seam fractures. Besides, affected by the velocity of gas migration, the pressure drop between fractures and matrix will reduce with time while air injection can provide extra power for gas migration in fractures which causes the desorption and diffusion of methane in the matrix. So this stimulation solution can enhance the efficiency of gas extraction of coal seam and prevent gas outburst of the working face.

Statins for the prevention of vein graft stenosis: a role for inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Porter ◽  
N. A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Neointima Formation ◽  
Graft Stenosis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Saphenous vein (SV) grafts are commonly used to bypass coronary arteries that are diseased due to atherosclerosis. However, the development of intimal hyperplasia in such grafts can lead to patency-threatening stenosis and re-occlusion of the vessel. The proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC) play key roles in the development of intimal hyperplasia, and an agent that inhibits both of these processes therefore has therapeutic potential. A prerequisite for SMC proliferation and migration in vivo is degradation of the basement membrane, achieved by secretion of the matrix-degrading gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that also have direct effects on SMC function. Here we report that neointima formation in organ-cultured human SV segments is inhibited by simvastatin, an effect that is associated with reduced MMP-9 activity. Additionally, our work shows that simvastatin not only inhibits proliferation, but importantly also inhibits invasion (migration through a matrix barrier), of cultured human SV SMC. Thus simvastatin treatment appears to inhibit neointima formation as a result of combined inhibition of SMC proliferation and invasion. The potential intracellular mechanisms by which statins affect SMC proliferation and migration, and thus attenuate intimal hyperplasia, are discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of MMP-9.

scholarly journals uPAR-induced cell adhesion and migration: vitronectin provides the key

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris D. Madsen ◽  
Gian Maria Sarra Ferraris ◽  
Annapaola Andolfo ◽  
Orla Cunningham ◽  
Nicolai Sidenius
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Molecular Defect ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Migration ◽  
And Migration

Expression of the membrane receptor uPAR induces profound changes in cell morphology and migration, and its expression correlates with the malignant phenotype of cancers. To identify the molecular interactions essential for uPAR function in these processes, we carried out a complete functional alanine scan of uPAR in HEK293 cells. Of the 255 mutant receptors characterized, 34 failed to induce changes in cell morphology. Remarkably, the molecular defect of all of these mutants was a specific reduction in integrin-independent cell binding to vitronectin. A membrane-tethered plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which has the same binding site in vitronectin as uPAR, replicated uPAR-induced changes. A direct uPAR–vitronectin interaction is thus both required and sufficient to initiate downstream changes in cell morphology, migration, and signal transduction. Collectively these data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which a cell adhesion molecule lacking inherent signaling capability evokes complex cellular responses by modulating the contact between the cell and the matrix without the requirement for direct lateral protein–protein interactions.

Modelling in-situ Matrix Diffusion at Palmottu Natural Analogue Study Site in SW Finland.

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Rasilainen ◽  
Juhani Suksi
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Matrix Diffusion ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Analogue Study ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Simulated Concentration ◽  
And Migration

ABSTRACTRadioactive disequilibria, between U-238, U-234, and Th-230, in crystalline rock adjacent to a fracture, indicates mass transfer of U and Th between water in the fracture and the rock. The matrix diffusion theory was used to interpret the observed profiles of mobilized nuclides around the natural fracture. The interpretation of the profiles was based on the use of uranium series disequilibrium code, URSE, and migration code FTRANS. The model system was characterized using all available site-specific data, and the system evolution was outlined using the geology of the Palmottu site. The simulated concentration profiles, as a function of depth from the fracture surface, indicate that measured profiles can be modelled by matrix diffusion, assuming realistic initial and boundary conditions and diffusion times of 300,000 years.

scholarly journals Thermal and Morphological Properties of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Poly(D-Lactic Acid)-B-Polycaprolactone Diblock Copolymer Blends

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Eckhard Weidner ◽  
Stephan Kabasci ◽  
Rodion Kopitzky ◽  
Philip Mörbitz
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Copolymer Blends ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Migration

Due to the brittle nature of poly(lactic acid) many attempts have been made to flexibilize this polyester for applications such as thin films and foils. However, due to complex phase behavior, many drawbacks for plasticizer and blend components are described. To overcome miscibility, post crystallization and migration issues a principle of click-chemistry was employed to change the molecular characteristics from external to internal plasticization by fixation of a plastisizing unit with help of a stereocomplex crystallization. Hydroxyl terminated polycaprolactone oligomers were used as a macroinitiator for the ring opening polymerization of d-lactide, resulting in blockcopolymers with plasticizing unit polycaprolactone and compatibilizing poly(d-lactic acid)-blocks. The generated block copolymers were blended with a poly(l-lactic acid)-matrix and formed so called stereocomplex crystals. In comparison to unbound polycaprolactone the polycaprolactone blocks show a lower migration tendency regarding a solution test in toluene. Besides that, trapping the plasticizing units via stereocomplex also improves the efficiency of the plasticizer. In comparison to polymer blends with the same amount of non-bonded polycaprolactone oligomers of the same molecular weight, block copolymers with poly(d-lactic acid) and polycaprolactone can shift the glass transition temperature to lower values. This effect can be explained by the modulated crystallization of the polycaprolactone-blocks trapped into the matrix, so that a higher effective amount can interact with the poly(l-lactic acid)-matrix.

Thermally and electrically conducting polycarbonate/elastomer blends combined with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986827
Author(s):  
Iman Taraghi ◽  
Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽  
Abdolhosein Fereidoon ◽  
Anna Szymczyk ◽  
Rafal Stanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Elastomeric Particles ◽  
Dielectric Conductivity

In this article, we have studied thermal and dielectric conductivity and morphology of polycarbonate (PC)/ethylene–propylene copolymer (EPC)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate the localization and migration of MWCNTs within the matrix. The MWCNTs were located in the PC phase and at the interface of PC and EPC. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the PC decreased with the increasing content of EPC elastomeric particles. However, at the same time, one could observe an increase of the thermal conductivity in the polymer blends along with an addition of MWCNT. The electrical conductivity of the PC/EPC blends containing 10 wt% of EPC increased with the incorporation of MWCNTs, and the conducting paths were formed at additive content less than 0.5 wt% of MWCNT.

Physical and hydraulic characterization of fractured, hydrophobic sulphur within above-ground sulphur blocks

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1461-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Bonstrom ◽  
S. Lee Barbour ◽  
M. Jim Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Fracture Mapping

Volatility in the price of sulphur has resulted in the temporary storage of sulphur in large, surface blocks at oil sands properties in northern Alberta, Canada, that are subject to oxidation which produces acidic effluent. Characterization of water storage and migration within these blocks is required to assess potential environmental impacts. Investigation of the elemental sulphur (S0) blocks at Syncrude’s Mildred Lake site included fracture mapping and laboratory testing of core samples for density and permeability to air and water. Internal porosity was mapped with X-ray tomography, and water-intrusion porosimetry was used to define saturation–pressure relationships. The blocks have regular polygonal fractures with a porosity of approximately 1.4%. The mean total and water-available porosity of core samples was 9% and 6%, respectively. The water-entry pressure head was 1–2 m for matrix pores, but only 1–2 mm for fractures. Estimated functional relationships for volumetric water content versus water pressure of the fracture and matrix system are used to illustrate how infiltration is likely to occur rapidly along fracture pathways but with insufficient pressure to allow water to penetrate the matrix, suggesting that acid production occurs by flushing of the fracture surface with little influence from the matrix.

scholarly journals Platelet-derived growth factor and heparin-like glycosaminoglycans regulate thrombospondin synthesis and deposition in the matrix by smooth muscle cells.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Majack ◽  
S C Cook ◽  
P Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dose Dependent

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a smooth muscle cell (SMC) mitogen, and heparin-like glycosaminoglycans, known inhibitors of SMC growth and migration, were found to regulate thrombospondin synthesis and matrix deposition by cultured rat aortic SMC. The synthesis and distribution of thrombospondin was examined in growth-arrested SMCs, in PDGF-stimulated SMCs, and in heparin-treated SMCs using metabolic labeling and immunofluorescence techniques. Thrombospondin synthesis in response to purified PDGF occurred within 1 h after addition of growth factor to growth-arrested SMCs, peaked at 2 h, and returned to baseline levels by 5 h. The induction of synthesis of thrombospondin by PDGF was dose dependent, with a maximal effect observed at 2.5 ng/ml. Actinomycin D (2 micrograms/ml) inhibited thrombospondin induction by PDGF, suggesting a requirement for new RNA synthesis. In the presence of heparin and related polyanions, the incorporation of thrombospondin into the SMC extracellular matrix was markedly reduced. This effect was dose dependent with a maximal effect observed at a heparin concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Heparin did not affect the ability of SMCs to synthesize thrombospondin in response to PDGF. We interpret these data to suggest a role for thrombospondin in the SMC proliferative response to PDGF and in the regulation of SMC growth and migration by glycosaminoglycans.

scholarly journals Decorin-Mediated Inhibition of Human Trophoblast Cells Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Promotion of ApoptosisIn Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfen Zou ◽  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Ziyan Jiang ◽  
Qing Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblast ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Human Trophoblast Cells

Preeclampsia (PE) is a unique complication of pregnancy, the pathogenesis of which has been generally accepted to be associated with the dysfunctions of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) including proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and invasion. Decorin (DCN) has been proved to be a decidua-derived TGF-binding proteoglycan, which negatively regulates proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of human extravillous trophoblast cells. In this study, we identified a higher expression level of decorin in severe PE placentas by both real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). And an inhibitory effect of decorin on proliferation, migration, and invasion and an enhanced effect on apoptosis in trophoblast cells HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 were validatedin vitro. Also the modulations of decorin on trophoblast cells’ metastasis and invasion functions were detected through regulating the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9). Thus, we suggested that the contribution of decorin to the modulation of trophoblast cells might have implications for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

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