scholarly journals Reduction of the Bacterial Contamination Degree on Plastic Egg Trays by Soaking Them into Tap Water Kept at Various Temperature.

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
Masako TACHIKAWA ◽  
Sumiyo ISHIKAWA ◽  
Isao UMEDA ◽  
Yoshitake YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Contamination Degree

scholarly journals Contamination of Hospital Water Supplies in Gilan, Iran, withLegionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli,andPseudomonas aeruginosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Jalali Moghadam ◽  
Hamidreza Honarmand ◽  
Sajad Asfaram Meshginshahr
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contamination Degree ◽  
Commercial Kit

This study is designed to determine the contamination degree of hospital water supplies withPseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, andE. coliin Gilan, Iran. Samples were collected directly into sterile containers and concentrated by centrifuge. Half part of any sample transferred to yeast extract broth and the second part transferred to Trypticase Soy Broth and incubated for 3 days. DNA was extracted by using commercial kit. Four rounds of PCR were performed as follows: multiplex PCR for detectingPseudomonas aeruginosa, Integron 1, and Metallo-β-lactamases gene; PCR for detectingLegionella pneumophilaandmipgene separately; PCR for detectingE. coli; and another PCR for detecting whole bacterial presence. Contamination rates of cold, warm, and incubator water samples withP. aeruginosa, were 16.6%, 37.5%, and 6.8% consequently. Degrees of contamination withL. pneumophilawere 3.3%, 9.3%, and 10.9% and withE. coliwere zero, 6.2%, and zero. Total bacterial contamination of cold, warm, and incubator water samples was 93.3%, 84.4%, and 89.0% consequently. Metallo-β-lactamases gene was found in 20.0% of all samples. Contamination degree withP. aeruginosawas considerable and withL. pneumophilawas moderate. Metallo-β-lactamases gene was found frequently indicating widespread multiple drug resistance bacteria. We suggest using new decontamination method based on nanotechnology.

Nosocomial Pediatric Bacteremia: The Role of Intravenous Set Contamination in Developing Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro E. Macías ◽  
Juan M. Muñoz ◽  
Laura E. Herrera ◽  
Humberto Medina ◽  
Isabel Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Injection Port ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pediatric Hospitals ◽  
Care Practices

AbstractObjective:To assess the rate of bacterial contamination of intravenous administration sets at their rubber injection ports and matching infusates.Design:Cultures of injection ports and infusate during 26 visits to 4 hospitals.Setting:Four public general pediatric hospitals in Mexico City with substandard care practices.Patients:Hospitalized pediatric patients receiving intravenous solutions.Results:Overall, 176 of 251 injection ports were contaminated (70.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 64.5% to 75.8%), 35 (13.9%; CI95, 9.7% to 18.2%) with gram-negative rods, primarily of the tribe Klebsielleae. Cultures of infusates were positive in 17 cases (6.8%, CI95, 3.7% to 9.9%), 5 of which grew gram-negative rods (2%; CI95, 0.6% to 4.6%). In 3 cases (1.2%), the same species with gram-negative rods was found in the infusates and on the injection ports. During one visit, 8 clustered cases of injection port contamination with a clonal Enterobacter cloacae were found; this agent was also found in the blood culture, intravenous fluid, and parenteral nutrition of one patient. Inadequate chlorination of tap water, a potential risk factor, was recorded during 22 visits (84.6%).Conclusion:These data suggest that external contamination of the intravenous administration set could play a role in infusate contamination.

Efficacy of Home Washing Methods in Controlling Surface Microbial Contamination on Fresh Produce

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGNES KILONZO-NTHENGE ◽  
FUR-CHI CHEN ◽  
SANDRIA L. GODWIN
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Water Rinse

Much effort has been focused on sanitation of fresh produce at the commercial level; however, few options are available to the consumer. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of different cleaning methods in reducing bacterial contamination on fresh produce in a home setting. Lettuce, broccoli, apples, and tomatoes were inoculated with Listeria innocua and then subjected to combinations of the following cleaning procedures: (i) soak for 2 min in tap water, Veggie Wash solution, 5% vinegar solution, or 13% lemon solution and (ii) rinse under running tap water, rinse and rub under running tap water, brush under running tap water, or wipe with wet/dry paper towel. Presoaking in water before rinsing significantly reduced bacteria in apples, tomatoes, and lettuce, but not in broccoli. Wiping apples and tomatoes with wet or dry paper towel showed lower bacterial reductions compared with soaking and rinsing procedures. Blossom ends of apples were more contaminated than the surface after soaking and rinsing; similar results were observed between flower section and stem of broccoli. Reductions of L. innocua in both tomatoes and apples (2.01 to 2.89 log CFU/g) were more than in lettuce and broccoli (1.41 to 1.88 log CFU/g) when subjected to same washing procedures. Reductions of surface contamination of lettuce after soaking in lemon or vinegar solutions were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from lettuce soaking in cold tap water. Therefore, educators and extension workers might consider it appropriate to instruct consumers to rub or brush fresh produce under cold running tap water before consumption.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF STANDARDIZED DOSES OF ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION OF WATER FROM BACTERIAL, VIRAL AND PARASITIC CONTAMINATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1342-1348
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Anzhelika V. Zagainova ◽  
T. Z. Artemova ◽  
E. K. Gipp ◽  
K. Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Special Role

Introduction. The proposed criteria for the sanitary-bacteriological assessment of the quality of tap water must ensure its epidemic safety. In conditions of intensive bacterial contamination of water bodies, a special role is played by the barrier function of water treatment plants in relation to infectious agents. The overall quality of microorganisms is the pronounced resistance in the aquatic environment, primarily resistance to a number of chlorine-containing disinfectants, which guarantee the preservation of the population in drinking water undergone a water treatment system. Therefore, it is necessary to consider other possible ways of disinfection, such as ultraviolet irradiation. Determination of the effective dose of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection against bacterial, viral and parasitic contamination of drinking water. Material and methods. Tap water was used as model water for research. The effectiveness of UV irradiation with doses of 25, 40, 60 mJ / cm2 against microorganisms was studied. Results. In the course of the work, it was established that the UV disinfection technology with a dose of at least 25 mJ/cm2 can be recommended as a disinfection method when used in conjunction with chlorination. Conclusion. In water treatment technology, a dose of at least 25 mJ/cm2 of UV irradiation can be recommended as a method of disinfecting water in case of microbial contamination by bacteria and viruses at a concentration not exceeding nˑ102 cells/virions in 100 ml, and at a concentration of microbiological contamination nˑ103 cells/virions in 100 ml of water, the use of UV disinfection can be recommended only in conjunction with chlorination and with the provision of indices on the residual chlorine in the distribution network before serving to the consumer. The presented scheme will increase the barrier role of water treatment facilities with respect to viral and bacterial contamination, provide a prolonged decontamination effect, contributing to the suppression of bacterial growth in breeding nets and limit the level of parasitic water contamination during water treatment.

Rapid analysis of bacterial contamination of tap water using isothermal calorimetry

2012 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Maskow ◽  
Katrin Wolf ◽  
Wolfgang Kunze ◽  
Sabine Enders ◽  
Hauke Harms
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Rapid Analysis

scholarly journals Effect of Urogenital Cleaning with Paper Soap on Bacterial Contamination Rate While Collecting Midstream Urine Specimens

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Shrestha ◽  
Narayan Gyawali ◽  
Rajendra Gurung ◽  
Ritu Amatya ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
American Society

ABSTRACT Context: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the major health problems. Urine culture is considered as a gold standard method for the diagnosis of UTI. But, improper sample collection can lead to contamination with normal urogenital flora. Use of any portable disinfectant that can reduce contamination rate would be the significant help in urine culture interpretation. Aims: To observe the effect of urogenital cleaning with paper soap on bacterial contamination rate while collecting specimens. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was done in 600 patients aged 15-45 years, equally divided into three groups. The first group was given sterile container and instructed to collect midstream clean catch urine (MSU) after urogenital cleaning with provided piece of paper soap. The second group was given sterile container and strictly instructed to collect the MSU sample after urogenital cleansing by tap water only. The third group was given the sterile container and asked for midstream urine. Collected specimens were inoculated in CLED media, incubated aerobically for overnight at 37°C. Reporting of culture was done according to the guideline of American Society of Microbiology. Results: The contamination rate in the three groups were 6.0%, 13.0%, and 27.5%, respectively (P value < 0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusions: Contamination rate was significantly lower in group who provided urine specimen after urogenital cleaning with paper soap. Thus, cleaning the urogenital area may reduce the need of the repeat sample to rule out actual contamination and prevent from the unnecessary antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination in cat drinking water in households in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Suttiporn Srikullabutr ◽  
Panpicha Sattasathuchana ◽  
Anusak Kerdsin ◽  
Naris Thengchaisri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Container ◽  
Age Range

Background and Aim: Bacterial contamination of drinking water is a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections. Cats may be at risk of water contamination from feces due to poor sanitation and hygiene. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate the prevalence of coliform bacteria in cat drinking water and (2) identify possible risk factors leading to contamination. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five drinking water samples were collected from water containers used by cats (median age [range]: 5 years [8 months-15 years]) at their home. Using a sterile syringe, 50 mL water was collected directly from water containers. The water samples were stored in coliform enhancement media for 24 h and then submitted for bacterial culture. Results: The prevalence of fecal coliform contamination of cat drinking water was 67.27% (37/55; 95% confidence interval: 53.29-79.32%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination of drinking water by age or gender of the cat or by water container type. However, bacterial contamination differed significantly between shorthaired cats and longhaired cats when comparing Escherichia coli (9/44 [20.45%] vs. 8/11 [72.72%], p<0.001) and Enterobacter spp. (16/44 [36.36%] vs. 9/11 [81.82%], p=0.007). For water that had been in a container longer than 12 h, there were significantly more contaminated tap water samples (16/19 [84.21%]) than contaminated processed water samples (9/17 [52.94%], p=0.047). Conclusion: Coliform contamination in cat drinking water is common and occurs more often in households with longhaired cats. Drinking water for cats should be changed every 12 h, especially for households using tap water.

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