Effect of Non-protein Nitrogen Supplementation of Low-protein Layer Diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki MEKADA ◽  
Isao UMEDA ◽  
Nobuyoshi HAYASHI ◽  
Jun-ichi OKUMURA ◽  
Hiro-omi YOKOTA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Layer ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein

EFFECTS OF GRADED DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON UREA RECYCLING IN THE PIG

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
E. WELTZIEN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Urea Recycling ◽  
Protein Diets

The kinetics of urea recycling were determined in six female crossbred pigs utilizing a radioisotope dilution technique. The experimental animals were fed three times daily 500 g of a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 8.4, 15.8 or 24.7% crude protein. Nitrogen digestibility, urinary nitrogen excretion, total nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen were highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing dietary protein. Urea pool size, entry rate and excretion rate were also highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing protein intake. Expressed as a percentage of the total entry rate, a significantly higher percentage of urea was recycled in pigs fed the low protein diets compared with those fed a higher protein diet. Key words: Pig, urea, recycling, kinetics, protein

The effects of dietary nitrogen level on the collagen of rat skin

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dawson ◽  
G. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Skin Collagen ◽  
Commercial Stock

1. Male rats of approximately 120 g body-weight were maintained on a commercial stock diet containing 204 g crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25)/kg, a hydroxyproline-free high-protein (HP) diet containing 200 g casein/kg as the only protein source, or a low-protein (LP) diet containing 40 g casein/kg. After 6 weeks on these diets half of each group was transferred to a non-protein (NP) diet and the experiment was continued for a further 6 weeks. Animals from each group were killed at 4 d, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after the transfer to the NP diet.2. Throughout the experiment the urinary excretion of N, hydroxyproline and creatinine, and the content and solubility of the skin collagen were determined.3. When compared with a control group killed at the beginning of the experiment the rats maintained on the LP diet showed an increase of 25% in total N content of the skin but collagen content increased by 100%. Rats transferred from the HP to the NP diet lost both N and collagen from the skin, but those transferred from the LP to the NP diet lost N but increased the collagen content by 42%.4. Protein deprivation brought about marked changes in the solubility of the skin collagen, suggesting an increase in the rate of maturation of skin collagen.

The associative effect of level of energy and protein intake in the dairy cow

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Low Protein

SummaryEight lactating cows were used in a Latin square experiment, to study the associative effects of level of energy and protein intake on milk yield and composition. Four diets were used, supplying 80 and 120% of estimated energy requirements and 80 and 120% of estimated protein requirements. The level of energy intake significantly affected milk yield, milk energy output, percentage butterfat, ash and non-protein nitrogen. The level of protein intake only significantly affected milk energy output and the non-protein nitrogen content of the milk. Although only the interaction of the effects of energy and protein intake on the milk content of solidsnot-fat (SNF) and ash was significant, it was evident that the effect of each of these factors on milk yield or composition was related to the level of the other in the diet.Input-output relationships within each protein level were used to compute the response in milk energy output and bodyweight change to a change in energy intake. These showed a greater partitioning of additional energy toward milk energy output with the high than with the low protein level. Multiple regression analysis within each level of protein intake was used to partition energy intake between that used for maintenance, milk energy output and liveweight change. The results showed efficiencies of utilization of metabolizable energy for milk output of 63 and 50% on the high- and low-protein diets, respectively.Nitrogen balance data are presented.

scholarly journals Protein and energy relations in the broiler chicken

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rosebrough ◽  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
M. F. Von Vleck ◽  
N. C. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Energy Relations

Chickens were fed on diets containing either 12.8 MJ, 150 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg or 12.8 MJ, 200 g crude protein/kg to determine differences in metabolism. The diet containing 12.8 MJ, 150 g crude protein/kg contained either 8 or 12 g lysine/kg. Treatment variables examined in vitro were lipogenesis, glucose production and hepatic enzyme activities to compare metabolism in chicks fed on a low-protein, lysine-supplemented diet and a diet formulated to contain the required amount of lysine from intact protein. Growth was similar in chicks fed on diets containing either 12.8 MJ, 154 g crude protein with 12 g lysine/kg or 12.8 MJ, 200 g crude protein/kg. Net glucose production was greater (p < 0.05) in liver explants from chickens fed on diets containing either 12.8 MJ, 154 g crude protein with 12 g lysine/kg or 12.8 MJ, 200 g crude protein/kg than in explants from chickens fed on 12.8 MJ, 150 g crude protein with 8 g lysine/kg. Pyruvate use for glucose production was greater (p < 0.05) in chickens fed on a diet containing 12.8 MJ, 150 g crude protein with 8 g lysine/kg. The findings from the present study suggest that crystalline and ‘natural’ lysine additions to chick diets may influence metabolism differently.

scholarly journals PROTEIN METABOLISM AND PROTEIN RESERVES DURING ACUTE STERILE INFLAMMATION

1945 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Madden ◽  
W. A. Clay
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Adult dogs were given a proteinless diet plus casein, 80 calories/kilo, 0.4 gm. nitrogen/kilo/day. Sterile controlled inflammation was produced by subcutaneous injection of turpentine. The reaction is characterized by local swelling, induration, and abscess formation, terminated by rupture or incision after 3 to 5 days and by general reactions of malaise, fever, leucocytosis, and increased urinary nitrogen. For 3 to 6 days after turpentine the nitrogen intake was provided in seven experiments by amino acids given parenterally (a solution of the ten essential amino acids (Rose) plus glycine). A normal dog with a normal protein intake showed a negative nitrogen balance after turpentine—urinary nitrogen doubled even as in inflammation during fasting. A protein-depleted dog (low protein reserves produced by very low protein intake) given a normal protein intake after turpentine maintained nitrogen balance—urinary nitrogen rose only slightly. With a high (doubled) protein intake the depleted dog showed strongly positive balance. Normal dogs with high (doubled) protein intakes react to turpentine with doubled urinary nitrogen outputs on individual days and therefore are maintained in approximate nitrogen balance and weight balance. This end may be achieved equally well or better by oral feeding, when such is possible and absorption unimpaired. The increased nitrogen excretion after injury is again shown directly related to the state of body protein reserves. Increased catabolism not inhibition of anabolism best explains the excess urinary nitrogen. Protection during injury of valuable protein reserves appears possible through an adequate intake of protein nitrogen.

Non-protein nitrogen supplementation increases gluconeogenic capacity in sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Noro ◽  
R. Bertinat ◽  
A. Yañez ◽  
J.C. Slebe ◽  
F. Wittwer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supplementation

scholarly journals The efficacy of protein supplementation in overcoming urea toxicity in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Payne ◽  
L. Laws
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Argininosuccinate Synthetase ◽  
Argininosuccinate Lyase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Low Protein

1. In the first experiment sheep taken from pasture were given a low-protein diet for 6 weeks in individual pens. Then, for 1 week, groups were given a supplement of lucerne chaff, safflower meal or lucerne chaff plus safflower meal. In the second experiment eighteen sheep maintained on lucerne chaff rather than pasture were then depleted of protein to a greater extent by feeding on a restricted low-protein diet. Six of the sheep received a supplement of molasses throughout the period of protein depletion while six of the sheep on the basal ration received a supplement of safflower meal after 6 weeks on the low-protein diet.2. The urea tolerance of the sheep, as indicated by blood ammonia levels after oral dosing with aqueous solutions of urea, was determined after the period of supplementation. ‘Arginine synthetase’ activity (combined activities of argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) and argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1)) was determined in liver samples obtained by biopsy at various intervals during the experiment.3. Supplementation for 7 d with 73 g crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25)/d increased the tolerance to urea, as indicated by reduced blood NH3 levels, and also increased ‘arginine synthetase’ activity.4. Giving supplements of molasses delayed the onset of urea toxicity but not the extent of toxicity.5. It is suggested that short-term feeding of protein concentrates to sheep before giving urea supplements can increase their tolerance to urea.

scholarly journals Muscle protein degradation assessed by Nt-methylhistidine excretion in mature White Leghorn, dwarf broiler and normal broiler males maintained on either low- or high-protein diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Hocking ◽  
C. Linda Saunderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Adult Body Weight

Protein degradation rates were assessed by the excretion of Nt-methylhistidine (NtMH) in four strains of mature chickens, two White Leghorns and two broilers (dwarf and normal), fed on diets containing two levels of dietary protein. Over 0.9 of labelled NtMH was recovered within 7 d of injection from three White Leghorn, three dwarf and three normal broiler males. Protein degradation, measured by NtMH output, was related to adult body-weight by the power 0.71 and strain intercepts were significantly different. Strain differences disappeared when the rate of output of NtMH per unit lean was evaluated. The rate of output of NtMH per unit muscle was higher in birds fed on a low-protein diet of 100 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25; CP)/kg compared with males fed on 150 g CP/kg. It was concluded that the lower rate of protein degradation in broiler compared with layer strains at young ages is related to increased adult body-weight in agreement with well-established biological principles.

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