scholarly journals An Interim Assessment of the U.S. Trade Policy of 'Competitive Liberalization'

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Evenett ◽  
Michael Meier
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Interim Assessment ◽  
Competitive Liberalization ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Reluctance to Lead: U.S. Trade Policy in Flux

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Vinod Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Clinton Administration ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Sharp Turn ◽  
The World ◽  
Competitive Liberalization ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. is no longer providing leadership in trade policy. In recent years, we have seen a sharp turn toward a rapid proliferation of bilateral preferential trade agreements, accords that are likely to undermine the World Trade Organization (WTO). By pursuing a strategy of ‘competitive liberalization’ both on a sectoral basis under the Bill Clinton administration, and then a policy of seeking bilateral arrangements under the George W. Bush administration, this article argues that American administrations have undermined the coalition for free trade in the United States. Consequently, protectionist industries including textiles, steel, and agriculture have made further liberalization more difficult and thus the prospects for promoting continued trade liberalization have grown dimmer.

US trade policy is putting at risk the sustainability of the generic/biosimilar industry and the drug supply chain

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432199431
Author(s):  
María Fabiana Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Us Trade Policy ◽  
Drug Supply Chain ◽  
Security Concern ◽  
The U.S

With the outbreak of the Coronavirus there is a new realization of the vulnerabilities of the U.S. drug supply chain. However, while such concerns may have been amplified by the pandemic, they preceded Covid-19 and were well documented before 2020. Indeed, in past years the U.S. Congress held several hearings addressing potential vulnerabilities in the U.S. drug supply chain, in part due to the increasing dependency on China as a dominant supplier of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and some finished pharmaceutical products. These vulnerabilities go well beyond health policy and constitute a national security concern. The article addresses how U.S. trade policy plays a significant role in shaping the pharmaceutical industry at home and abroad and is in part responsible for some of the current vulnerabilities of the U.S. drug supply chain.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Interaction Effects of China–South Korea and China– Australia FTAs and the Expanding TPP

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Sun Yuhong ◽  
Mu Yifei ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The U.S

Abstract On 5 October 2015, the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) led by the U.S. was signed. Already, 12 countries1 have joined the agreement, but China has not. Thus, lots of research has focused on the negative effect of the TPP on China’s foreign trade. On the other hand, China is moving forward in its own efforts to establish bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) and free trade zones. In June 2015, China-South Korea and China-Australia signed bilateral FTAs which went into effect in December 2015. Several questions were raised: Since South Korea and Australia are the major trade partners in the Pacific area and the bilateral FTAs will be effective before the TPP, will these FTAs’ positive effects on China’s foreign trade offset some of the negative effects of the TPP? If China and the U.S. adopted a competitive trade policy, which countries would benefit? If China and the U.S. adopted a cooperative trade policy, how would the trade value and economic welfare change? This paper simulates and analyses the mutual effects of China-South Korea and China-Australia FTAs and the enlarging TPP using the computable general equilibrium model. The major conclusions drawn suggest that China-South Korea and China-Australia FTAs will significantly offset the TPP’s negative effect on China’s foreign trade. If China is not included, the U.S. economic benefit from the TPP will be limited. The economic welfare for a country like Australia, which joined both the bilateral FTA and the TPP, will be increased the most. In the long run, China joining the TPP would be the most beneficial decision for its national interest. However, if the TPP cannot be approved by the US congress, the U.S.’s economic indicators and export would be decreasing sharply. China’s economy and export will benefit from FTAs.

Making Sense of U.S. Trade Policy: What Recent Negotiations Can Tell Us

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 378-380
Author(s):  
Inu Manak
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The North ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The U.S

U.S. trade policy is not what it used to be. Since the U.S. withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership in January 2017, Indo-Pacific trade relations have been in constant flux. It is not clear where U.S. trade policy will end up, particularly with regard to its relationship with China. However, the conclusion of two renegotiations of previous U.S. trade agreements can tell us generally about the new U.S. approach and what this means for our trading partners. I will discuss developments from the renegotiation of the Korea-U.S. free trade agreement (KORUS) and the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) as a replacement for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

scholarly journals The Impact of the Canada-U.S. Hog/Pork Trade Dispute on the Composition of U.S. Pork Imports

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Larue ◽  
Jean-Philippe Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Index Numbers ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Quality Upgrading ◽  
Countervailing Duties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Trade theorists have demonstrated that different trade policy instruments have different effects on the quality and source of imports. Countervailing duties (CVDs), like specific tariffs, should induce quality upgrading. However, the magnitude and timing of the quality adjustments are influenced by the credibility of the duties that can be legally contested and modified after annual administrative reviews. Index numbers are used to assess the timing and magnitude of the product mix and country mix substitution effects in U.S. pork imports in response to the U.S. CVDs on Canadian exports of live hogs and fresh, chilled, and frozen pork.

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