The Architecture of Globalization: A Network Approach to International Economic Integration

The XXI century has reached the end of its first 20 years. Along the years, it has posed complex challenges to economists and economic geographers. For example, the results of elections and consultations in different countries have shown a strong sympathy with political positions that question the benefits of free international flows of goods, services, labour and capital. By the same token, some academics argue that despite international economics theory clearly acknowledges that free trade causes winners and losers, the expected higher gains have not been effectively used to compensate the losers. This article explores the main challenges of international economic integration in sub-national territories in Switzerland and Mexico to better understand the importance of delivering relevant and competent public policies based on territorial specificity.

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International Economic Integration: Comparing Exports and FDI Networks in the New Millennium

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v13n11p30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Adelaide Baronchelli ◽

Teodora Erika Uberti

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Value Chain ◽

World Trade ◽

Positive Association ◽

Foreign Direct Investments ◽

Global Value Chain ◽

Key Players ◽

Before And After ◽

New Millennium

Trade and foreign direct investments (FDI) represent the real and the capital side of international economic integration. While Network Analysis (NA) on world trade network (WTN) is wide, few analyses describe world investment networks (WIN), since FDI data suitable for comparison are very scarce and very complex to collect. In this paper, we exploit FDI Bilateral Statistics by UNCTAD (2014), to compare WTN and WIN in the first decade of the new millennium, before and after 2008 crisis. Results show that all countries are integrated since there are few isolated economies, and unique largest components emerge confirming the complexity of global value chain. 2008 economic crisis affected WTN, but not WIN. Geography, rather than economic similarity, is crucial in defining trading connections and cohesive subgroups. WIN and WTN links are mutual in all networks, confirming that once a link is established, it is easier to maintain all commercial relations. WIN and WTN key players are USA, Germany and China for Exports, while USA and Germany for FDI. There is a positive association between couplets of WTN and WIN links, conjecturing that FDI and Exports networks could be complements, rather than substitute.

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FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDIA: A TREND ANALYSIS

EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review ◽

10.36713/3205 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Rudresha C. E

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Policy Reforms ◽

New Economic Policy ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Indian Economy ◽

Made In

International economic integration plays a significant role in the growth and development of any country, whether rich or poor. And foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the major components in the process of achieving international economic integration in any economy. As is known, FDI serves as a link between investment and savings. This is true even in the case of India which is facing the deficit of savings and which can be addressed with the help of FDI. It (i.e., FDI) also helps in raising the growth and development of the economy. India is one of the leading markets at the global level. It has emerged as one of the attractive destinations in the world with a significant change in the inflow of FDI. The journey of FDI is very interesting with the introduction of liberalized policy through new economic policy 1991 and also other policy reforms of Government of India. It has witnessed a drastic change in the inflow and direction of foreign investment in Indian economy. In this backdrop, an attempt is made in this paper to examine country-wise, sector-wise and region-wise FDI inflows in Indian economy during last 19 years, 2000-01 to 2018-19. KEY WORDS: Economic Integration, Foreign Direct Investment, Developing Nations, Savings, Policy Reforms

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THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

10.30970/vir.2015.36-1.1.118 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Iryna Prykhodko ◽

Keyword(s):

International Economic ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Theoretical Concepts

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Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor, and Democratization in Late-Developing Countries

World Politics ◽

10.1017/s0043887100002598 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 175-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Eva Bellin

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

International Economic ◽

Political Economy ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Economic Integration ◽

State Dependence ◽

Late Development ◽

Welfare Policies ◽

Support For Democracy ◽

The Impact

Many classic works of political economy have identified capital and labor as the champions of democratization during the first wave of transition. By contrast, this article argues for the contingent nature of capital and labor's support for democracy, especially in the context of late development. The article offers a theory of democratic contingency, proposing that a few variables, namely, state dependence, aristocratic privilege, and social fear account for much of the variation found in class support for democratization both across and within cases. Conditions associated with late development make capital and labor especially prone to diffidence about democratization. But such diffidence is subject to change, especially under the impact of international economic integration, poverty-reducing social welfare policies, and economic growth that is widely shared. Case material from Korea, Indonesia, Mexico, Zambia, Brazil, Tunisia and other countries is offered as evidence.

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