scholarly journals An Axiomatization of the Inner Core Using Appropriate Reduced Games

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey de Clippel
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Reduced Games

An Electron Microscopic Study of an Avian Reovirus that Causes Arthritis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
E, R. Walker ◽  
N. O. Olson ◽  
M. H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Icosahedral Particle ◽  
Mature Virus

An unidentified virus, responsible for an arthritic-like condition in chickens was studied by electron microscopy and other methods of viral investigation. It was characterized in chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) lesions of embryonating chicken eggs and in tissue culture as to: 1) particle size; 2) structure; 3) mode of replication in the cell; and 4) nucleic acid type.The inoculated virus, coated and uncoated, is first seen in lysosomal-like inclusions near the nucleus; the virions appear to be uncoated in these electron dense inclusions (Figure 1), Although transfer of the viral genome from these inclusions is not observable, replicating virus and mature virus crystals are seen in the cytoplasm subsequent to the uncoating of the virions.The crystals are formed in association with a mass of fibrils 50 to 80 angstroms in diameter and a ribosome-studded structure that appears to be granular endoplasmic reticulum adapted to virus replication (Figure 2). The mature virion (Figure 3) is an icosahedral particle approximately 75 millimicrons in diameter. The inner core is 45 millimicrons, the outer coat 15 millimicrons, and the virion has no envelope.

Preliminary Studies on Non-Reactive Flow Vortex Cooling

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
T.N. Rajesh ◽  
T.J.S. Jothi ◽  
T. Jayachandran
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Reactive Flow ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Gaseous Oxygen ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Vortex Combustion

Background: The impulse for the propulsion of a rocket engine is obtained from the combustion of propellant mixture inside the combustion chamber and as the plume exhausts through a convergent- divergent nozzle. At stoichiometric ratio, the temperature inside the combustion chamber can be as high as 3500K. Thus, effective cooling of the thrust chamber becomes an essential criterion while designing a rocket engine. Objective: A new cooling method of thrust chambers was introduced by Chiaverni, which is termed as Vortex Combustion Cold-Wall Chamber (VCCW). The patent works on cyclone separators and confined vortex flow mechanism for providing high propellant mixing with improved degree of turbulence inside the combustion chamber, providing the required notion for studies on VCCW. The flow inside a VCCW has a complex structure characterised by axial pressure losses, swirl velocities, centrifugal force, flow reversal and strong turbulence. In order to study the flow phenomenon, both the experimental and numerical investigations are carried out. Methods: In this study, non-reactive flow analysis was conducted with real propellants like gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. The test was conducted to analyse the influence of mixture ratio and injection pressure of the propellants on the chamber pressure in a vortex combustion chamber. A vortex combustor was designed in which the oxidiser injected tangentially at the aft end near the nozzle spiraled up to the top plate and formed an inner core inside the chamber. The fuel was injected radially from injectors provided near the top plate and the propellants were mixed in the inner core. This resulted in enhanced mixing and increased residence time for the fuel. More information on the flow behaviour has been obtained by numerical analysis in Fluent. The test also investigated the sensitivity of the tangential injection pressure on the chamber pressure development. Results: All the test cases showed an increase in chamber pressure with the mixture ratio and injection pressure of the propellants. The maximum chamber pressure was found to be 3.8 bar at PC1 and 2.7 bar at PC2 when oxidiser to fuel ratio was 6.87. There was a reduction in chamber pressure of 1.1 bar and 0.7 bar at PC1 and PC2, respectively, in both the cases when hydrogen was injected. A small variation in the pressure of the propellant injected tangentially made a pronounced effect on the chamber pressure and hence vortex combustion chamber was found to be very sensitive to the tangential injection pressure. Conclusion: VCCW mechanism has been to be found to be very effective for keeping the chamber surface within the permissible limit and also reducing the payload of the space vehicle.

Ups and Downs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

Despite the dumbing-down of education in recent years, it would be unusual to find a ten-year-old who could not name the major continents on a map of the world. Yet how many adults have the faintest idea of the structures that exist within the Earth? Understandably, knowledge is limited by the fact that the Earth’s interior is less accessible than the surface of Pluto, mapped in 2016 by the NASA New Horizons spacecraft. Indeed, Pluto, 7.5 billion kilometres from Earth, was discovered six years earlier than the similar-sized inner core of our planet. Fortunately, modern seismic techniques enable us to image the mantle right down to the core, while laboratory experiments simulating the pressures and temperatures at great depth, combined with computer modelling of mantle convection, help identify its mineral and chemical composition. The results are providing the most rapid advances in our understanding of how this planet works since the great revolution of the 1960s.

scholarly journals Simple, green, ultrasound-assisted preparation of novel core–shell microcapsules from octyl methoxycinnamate and oligomeric proanthocyanidins for UV-stable sunscreen

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 6374-6382
Author(s):  
Jie Song ◽  
Siqi Chen ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Junbo Cheng ◽  
Yanli Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Outer Shell ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorbers ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

With oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) as the outer shell and ultraviolet absorbers (OMC) as the inner core, OMC/OPCs composite microcapsules were prepared and characterized, and their UV resistance was studied.

scholarly journals Osmotic stress and vesiculation as key mechanisms controlling bacterial sensitivity and resistance to TiO2 nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Pagnout ◽  
Angelina Razafitianamaharavo ◽  
Bénédicte Sohm ◽  
Céline Caillet ◽  
Audrey Beaussart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity ◽  
Membrane Components

AbstractToxicity mechanisms of metal oxide nanoparticles towards bacteria and underlying roles of membrane composition are still debated. Herein, the response of lipopolysaccharide-truncated Escherichia coli K12 mutants to TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NPs, exposure in dark) is addressed at the molecular, single cell, and population levels by transcriptomics, fluorescence assays, cell nanomechanics and electrohydrodynamics. We show that outer core-free lipopolysaccharides featuring intact inner core increase cell sensitivity to TiO2NPs. TiO2NPs operate as membrane strippers, which induce osmotic stress, inactivate cell osmoregulation and initiate lipid peroxidation, which ultimately leads to genesis of membrane vesicles. In itself, truncation of lipopolysaccharide inner core triggers membrane permeabilization/depolarization, lipid peroxidation and hypervesiculation. In turn, it favors the regulation of TiO2NP-mediated changes in cell Turgor stress and leads to efficient vesicle-facilitated release of damaged membrane components. Remarkably, vesicles further act as electrostatic baits for TiO2NPs, thereby mitigating TiO2NPs toxicity. Altogether, we highlight antagonistic lipopolysaccharide-dependent bacterial responses to nanoparticles and we show that the destabilized membrane can generate unexpected resistance phenotype.

Electrophoresis of soft particles with hydrophobic inner core grafted with pH‐regulated and highly charged polyelectrolyte layer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kumar Maurya ◽  
Sankar Sarkar ◽  
Hemanta Kumar Mondal ◽  
H. Ohshima ◽  
Partha P. Gopmandal
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Layer ◽  
Soft Particles

Effect of core hydrophobicity on the electrophoresis of pH-regulated soft particles

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3074-3084
Author(s):  
Bharti ◽  
Partha P. Gopmandal ◽  
R. K. Sinha ◽  
H. Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Slip Length ◽  
Hydrodynamic Slip ◽  
Soft Particles

We propose a theoretical study on the electrophoresis of pH-regualted soft particles considering the effect of hydrodynamic slip length of the hydrophobic inner core.

Nondestructive Analysis of Dragonfly Eye Beads from the Warring States Period, Excavated from a Chu Tomb at the Shenmingpu Site, Henan Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Yang ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Shuya Wei ◽  
Guoding Song ◽  
Jonathan Mark Kenoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Core ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Warring State Period ◽  
Manufacturing Features

AbstractDragonfly eye beads are considered to be the earliest types of glass objects in China, and in the past have been considered as evidence of culture interaction or trade between West and East Asia. In this article, synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography and μ-probe energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence were used to determine the chemical composition, microstructure, and manufacturing technology of four dragonfly eye beads, excavated from a Chu tomb at the Shenmingpu site, Henan Province, China, dated stylistically to the Middle and Late Warring State Period (475 bc–221 bc). First, a nondestructive method was used to differentiate the material types including faience (glazed quartz), frit, glazed pottery (clay ceramic), and glass. Three beads were identified as faience and one bead as glazed pottery. The glaze recipe includes quartz, saltpeter, plant ash, and various copper, and is classified as belonging to the K2O-CaO-SiO2 glass system, which indicates that these beads were not imported from the West. Based on computed tomography slices, the manufacturing technology of the faience eye beads appears to include the use of an inner core, molding technology, and the direct application glazing method. These manufacturing features are consistent with the techniques used in China during this same time period for bronze mold-casting, proto-porcelain, and glass.

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