Agree or Not Agree? The Role of Cognitive and Affective Processes in Group Disagreements

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cronin ◽  
Katerina Bezrukova ◽  
Laurie R. Weingart ◽  
Catherine H. Tinsley
Keyword(s):  
Affective Processes

Judgments of truth are independently modulated by affect and repetition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Garrido-Vásquez ◽  
Tanja Rock
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Neutral Picture ◽  
Truth Effect ◽  
New Information ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Main Effect

People believe repeated statements more than new ones—the repetition-induced truth effect. It is prominently explained with processing fluency: The subjective ease of processing repeated versus new information. To date, the role of affective processes for the truth effect is rather unclear. From a theoretical perspective, people should rely more on fluency under positive than under negative affect. Here, we tested whether an affective picture presented before a statement influences the repetition-induced truth effect. Thirty-five participants took part in two sessions that were a week apart. In both sessions, they rated the truth status of statements. In session 2, repeated and new statements were intermixed, and each statement was preceded by a positive, negative, or neutral picture. We expected participants to rely more on fluency as a cue to truth in the positive than in the negative affective condition. However, although we replicated the repetition-induced truth effect, the interaction between affect and repetition was insignificant, but we observed a significant main effect of affect—statements were rated as truer after a positive rather than a negative or neutral picture. Our results suggest two independent mechanisms that enhance the subjective truth of statements: repetition and positive affect.

scholarly journals Culture and Wisdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franki Y. H. Kung ◽  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Lay Theories ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The concept of wisdom is ancient and deeply embedded in the cultural history of humanity. However, only in the last few decades have psychologists begun to study it scientifically. We review emerging insights into the science of wisdom from a cultural psychological perspective, focusing on (a) cultural similarities and differences in epistemological traditions; (b) lay theories of wisdom (e.g., wisdom-related cognitions, affective processes, and prosociality), and (c) the role of socio-cultural affordances for the expression of wisdom-related characteristics in daily life. Overall, evidence suggests that wisdom is a culturally-situated and malleable construct, with culture playing a central role in shaping wisdom-related behaviors, supporting a constructionist account of wisdom and its development. Understanding of ecological and cultural-historical factors for the meaning and expression of wisdom is essential for the further advancement of psychological wisdom research.

Enactivist Interventions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

Enactivist Interventions explores central issues in the contemporary debates about embodied cognition, addressing interdisciplinary questions about intentionality, representation, affordances, the role of affect, and the problems of perception and cognitive penetration, action and free will, higher-order cognition, and intersubjectivity. It argues for a rethinking of the concept of mind, drawing on pragmatism, phenomenology, and cognitive science. It interprets enactivism as a philosophy of nature that has significant methodological and theoretical implications for the scientific investigation of the mind. Enactivist Interventions argues that, like the basic phenomena of perception and action, sophisticated cognitive phenomena like reflection, imagining, and mathematical reasoning are best explained in terms of an affordance-based skilled coping. It thus argues for a continuity that runs between basic action, affectivity, and a rationality that in every case remains embodied. It also discusses recent predictive models of brain function and outlines an alternative, enactivist interpretation that emphasizes the close coupling of brain, body, and environment rather than a strong boundary that isolates the brain in its internal processes. The extensive relational dynamics that integrates the brain with the extra-neural body opens into an environment that is physical, social, and cultural and that recycles back into the enactive process. Cognitive processes are in the world, situated in affordance spaces defined across evolutionary, developmental, and individual histories, and are constrained by affective processes and normative dimensions of social and cultural practices.

scholarly journals Acupuncture: What Underlies Needle Administration?

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Acupuncture Research

Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese therapy with its mode of action unclear and efficacy inconclusive. A lack of attention given to the role of psychosocial context presented in clinical provision of acupuncture may mainly account for the current dilemma in acupuncture research. This psychosocial context induces various cognitive and affective processes in the patient while receiving this treatment. On the basis of the analysis of these psychological factors involved in clinical provision of acupuncture and in light of prior studies on the placebo effect, the author hypothesizes that acupuncture works through potentiation and modulation of a highly organized and somatotopic network of endogenous opioids that links expectation, attention and body schema. This hypothesis, which focuses on the contextual factors involved in clinical provision of acupuncture, has immediate clinical and experimental implications and will take the acupuncture debate much further forward.

scholarly journals Expanding Perception: The Role of Touch in Comparative Psychology -Introduction to the Special Issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Botero
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Affective Processes

In recent years, researchers have begun to include diverse modes of perception in comparative studies, such as vocal and tactile forms of communication, in an effort to understand social, cognitive, and affective processes in various species. In this special issue, we have collected a series of articles that approach from an interdisciplinary perspective (i.e., psychology, behavioral sciences, anthropology, and philosophy) how touch/contact has been included in diverse fields of research and exploring the new insights produced by including this mode of perception.

scholarly journals Understanding Emotions in Electronic Auctions: Insights from Neurophysiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Marc T. P. Adam ◽  
Jan Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Bidding Behavior ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Electronic Auction ◽  
Understanding Emotions ◽  
Coherent Picture

AbstractThe design of electronic auction platforms is an important field of electronic commerce research. It requires not only a profound understanding of the role of human cognition in human bidding behavior but also of the role of human affect. In this chapter, we focus specifically on the emotional aspects of human bidding behavior and the results of empirical studies that have employed neurophysiological measurements in this regard. By synthesizing the results of these studies, we are able to provide a coherent picture of the role of affective processes in human bidding behavior along four distinct theoretical pathways.

Hot-Cognitive Defense of Worldviews

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Van Den Bos
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Defense Reactions ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Relevance

Chapter 8 discusses people’s tendencies to defend their views on how the world should look and what exact role affective processes and feelings play in these defensive responses. The chapter delineates that worldview-defense reactions tend to be “hot-cognitive” reactions, consisting of a combination of how situations are interpreted, assessed, and appraised and the feelings associated with these interpretations, assessments, and appraisals. The chapter examines three levels of analysis at which feelings play a role in radicalization: (1) individual defensive responses involve processes of self-esteem perseverance; (2) group responses include the buffering role of culture; and (3) ideological and religious concerns often serve important psychological functions that are of special relevance to radicalizing individuals and radical groups and subcultures.

Interoception and the autonomic nervous system: Bottom-up meets top-down

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Berntson ◽  
Peter J. Gianaros ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Historical Origins

Although the efferent role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in homeostasis has long been recognized, afferent aspects of the ANS—especially interoception—are increasingly recognized to be equally important. Interoception is fundamental to the regulation of internal physiology, particularly as it is coordinated with contextually determined and adaptive behavioral processes. A cardinal but often underappreciated feature of interoception is its role in myriad cognitive and affective processes that are integrated in health and disease. This chapter introduces the concept of interoception and outlines its historical origins and applications in multiple domains of psychology and psychobiology. It provides an overview of its peripheral and central neural substrates, and it outlines how this construct is best conceptualized within a multi-system and multi-level regulatory framework.

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