scholarly journals Measurement of Nontariff Barriers

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan V. Deardorff ◽  
Robert M. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Nontariff Barriers

scholarly journals U.S.-China Agricultural Trade: Constraints and Potential

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Wailes ◽  
Cheng Fang ◽  
Francis C. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Trade Reforms ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
Resource Endowment

AbstractChina's agricultural trade expanded rapidly following economic reforms and the open-door policy adopted in the late 1970s. The composition of agricultural trade with China follows its labor-abundant and land-scarce resource endowment with imports of bulk and processed intermediates and exports of consumer-ready and processed goods. Constraints on U.S.China agricultural trade include tariffs, state trading, food security policies, and other nontariff barriers. Growth potential is based on China's fundamental demand forces including the world's largest population, a high real-income growth rate, an emerging urban middle class, and further trade reforms to be implemented through accession to the World Trade Organization.

scholarly journals Measurement of Nontariff Barriers

2009 ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Alan V. Deardorff ◽  
Robert M. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Nontariff Barriers

scholarly journals What Do Trade Agreements Really Do?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Rodrik
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
International Banks

Economists have a tendency to associate “free trade agreements” all too closely with “free trade.” They may be unaware of some of the new (and often problematic) beyond-the-boarder features of current trade agreements. As trade agreements have evolved and gone beyond import tariffs and quotas into regulatory rules and harmonization— intellectual property, health and safety rules, labor standards, investment measures, investor–state dispute settlement procedures, and others—they have become harder to fit into received economic theory. It is possible that rather than neutralizing the protectionists, trade agreements may empower a different set of rent-seeking interests and politically well-connected firms—international banks, pharmaceutical companies, and multinational firms. Trade agreements could still result in freer, mutually beneficial trade, through exchange of market access. They could result in the global upgrading of regulations and standards, for labor, say, or the environment. But they could also produce purely redistributive outcomes under the guise of “freer trade.” As trade agreements become less about tariffs and nontariff barriers at the border and more about domestic rules and regulations, economists might do well to worry more about the latter possibility.

Nontariff Barriers and Their Effects

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Michael F. Oppenheimer ◽  
Donna M. Tuths
Keyword(s):  
Nontariff Barriers
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