Asian Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Muller ◽  
Willem F. C. Verschoor
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
Exchange Risk

Emerging market currency risk exposure: evidence from South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179
Author(s):  
Mashukudu Hartley Molele ◽  
Janine Mukuddem-Petersen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exchange Risk ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of foreign exchange exposure of listed nonfinancial firms in South Africa. The study spans the period January 2002 and November 2015. Foreign exchange risk exposure is estimated in relation to the exchange rate of the South African Rand relative to the US$, the Euro, the British Pound and the trade-weighted exchange rate index. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on the augmented-market model of Jorion (1990). The Jorion (1990) is a capital asset pricing model-inspired framework which models share returns as a function of the return on the market index and changes in the exchange rate factor. The market risk factor is meant to discount the effect of macroeconomic factors on share returns, thus isolating the foreign exchange risk factor. In addition, the study further added the size, value, momentum, investment and profitability risk factors in line with the Fama–French three-factor model, Carhart four-factor model and the Fama–French five-factor model to account for the fact that equity capital markets in countries such as South Africa are known to be partially segmented. Findings Foreign exchange risk exposure levels were estimated at more than 40% for all the proxy currencies on the basis of the standard augmented market model. However, after controlling for idiosyncratic factors, through the application of the Fama–French three-factor model, the Carhart four-factor model and the Fama–French five-factor model, exposure levels were found to range between 6.5 and 12%. Research limitations/implications These results indicate the importance of controlling for the effects of idiosyncratic facto0rs in the estimation of foreign exchange risk exposure in the context of emerging markets of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Originality/value This is the first study to apply the Fama–French three-factor model, Carhart four-factor model and the Fama–French five-factor model in the estimation of foreign exchange exposure of nonfinancial firms in the context of a SSA country. These results indicate the importance of controlling for the effects of idiosyncratic factors in the estimation of foreign exchange risk exposure in the context of emerging markets.

European Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Muller ◽  
Willem F. C. Verschoor
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
Exchange Risk

Residual foreign exchange risk: does CEO compensation matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-600
Author(s):  
Ghassen Nouajaa ◽  
Jean-Laurent Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Ceo Compensation ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Compensation Scheme ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hedging Policy ◽  
Exchange Risk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether CEO compensation scheme may induce some agency conflicts in the foreign exchange risk hedging policy. Design/methodology/approach Residual exposure is a post-hedging variable computed as the ratio of unrealized foreign exchange risk gains/losses to international sales. The authors follow the optimal hedging theory developed by Smith and Stulz (1985). The residual foreign exchange risk exposure is a way to capture some consequences of the managerial risk aversion, whereas the compensation scheme granted to CEO reveals that of the shareholders. The authors interpret any deviation to the predictions of this theory as a mark that some agency conflicts exist. Findings CEO compensation (stock-options, shares and so) significantly influence the level of the residual foreign exchange risk exposure. Both in-the-money exercisable options and shares are negatively related to the residual exposure of foreign exchange risk. The authors also document that the effect of agency problems is rather contingent because shares and options have especially a negative impact when the level of foreign exchange risk is relatively high. Originality/value The residual FX risk exposure variable the authors promote in this paper completes the traditional proxies used to depict the corporate hedging policy such as the nominal or total fair value of currency derivatives (Davies et al., 2006), use of nominal values (Spanò, 2007), use of fair values of derivatives and the fraction of production hedged (Wang and Fan, 2011). The information that it conveys differs significantly from the one provided by traditional proxies because it captures the year-end post hedging firm’s risk profile.

FINANCIAL RISKS OF MICROFINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS (FOREIGN EXPERIENCE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Erokhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
Exchange Risk

New ideas make it clear that attempts by the international community to support microfinance institutions and provide them with borrowers do not always take into account the most serious financial risks of lenders. This study examines the exposure of microfinance institutions to liquidity, interest rate and foreign exchange (FX) risks. Analyzing data from financial statements of microfinance institutions, it can be concluded that the microfinance sector faces minimal liquidity risk, high interest rate risk and lower than commonly as-sumed foreign exchange risk. Linking risk exposure to institutional characteristics, the data show that legal status and regional affiliation correlate with risk exposure, but regulatory quality does not. The results indicate that the lender community may not expect great benefits from expanding the array of ongoing measures from credit market regulators to mitigate liquidity or foreign exchange risk.

The additional cost of hedging in foreign currency loans

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Do ◽  
Tram Vu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Exchange Risk ◽  
Corporate Funding ◽  
Cost Of Hedging

Foreign currency denominated loans ( FCDLs) are an important part of corporate funding as well as an operational risk management tool. We show that domestic borrowers use FCDLs to hedge their foreign exchange risk exposure. FCDLs are found to carry an interest rate premium over domestic currency loans after controlling for borrower characteristics, loan characteristics, and macroeconomic conditions. We argue that borrowers are willing to pay this premium since the marginal benefit of FCDLs as a natural hedge outweighs the marginal cost. From a lender’s perspective, this premium reflects a compensation for additional foreign exchange risk exposure and intensified monitoring efforts. These results are robust to endogeneity-corrected estimations. JEL Classification: G21, G32

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