Contributing to the Common Pool Resources in Open Source Software. A Comparison Between Individuals and Firms

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bonaccorsi ◽  
Cristina Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals The case for free and open source software in research and scholarship

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2197) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Fortunato ◽  
Mark Galassi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Open Research ◽  
The Common

Free and open source software (FOSS) is any computer program released under a licence that grants users rights to run the program for any purpose, to study it, to modify it, and to redistribute it in original or modified form. Our aim is to explore the intersection between FOSS and computational reproducibility. We begin by situating FOSS in relation to other ‘open’ initiatives, and specifically open science, open research, and open scholarship. In this context, we argue that anyone who actively contributes to the research process today is a computational researcher, in that they use computers to manage and store information. We then provide a primer to FOSS suitable for anyone concerned with research quality and sustainability—including researchers in any field, as well as support staff, administrators, publishers, funders, and so on. Next, we illustrate how the notions introduced in the primer apply to resources for scientific computing, with reference to the GNU Scientific Library as a case study. We conclude by discussing why the common interpretation of ‘open source’ as ‘open code’ is misplaced, and we use this example to articulate the role of FOSS in research and scholarship today. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reliability and reproducibility in computational science: implementing verification, validation and uncertainty quantification in silico ’.

scholarly journals Machine Learning im Bildungskontext: Evidenz für die Genauigkeit der automatisierten Beurteilung von Essays im Fach Englisch

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jennifer Meyer ◽  
Thorben Jansen ◽  
Johanna Fleckenstein ◽  
Stefan Keller ◽  
Olaf Köller
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Testing Service ◽  
The Common ◽  
Educational Testing Service ◽  
Lineare Regression ◽  
Analysis Platform

Zusammenfassung. Argumentatives Schreiben ist eine bedeutsame Kompetenz in der Fremdsprache Englisch. Entsprechende Schreibaufgaben sind Teil von Schulabschlussprüfungen in der Sekundarstufe II und von Zugangstests für Hochschulen (z.B. TOEFL®). Trotz ihrer Bedeutsamkeit wurden diese komplexen Schreibleistungen bisher im Kontext großer Schulleistungsuntersuchungen kaum empirisch untersucht. Ein Grund dafür ist die aufwendige Auswertung der Essays, für die eine große Anzahl speziell trainierter Kodiererinnen und Kodierer zur Beurteilung benötigt wird. Um den Aufwand der Auswertung zu reduzieren, können Machine Learning Verfahren eingesetzt werden, welche die Urteile der Kodiererinnen und Kodierer approximieren. Dabei werden linguistische Eigenschaften der Essays automatisiert erfasst, die dann genutzt werden, um mit Hilfe von statistischen Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens die menschlichen Urteile vorherzusagen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll dieses Vorgehen dargestellt und das Potenzial solcher automatisierten Prozeduren in Bezug auf die Vorhersagegenauigkeit untersucht werden. Dazu lagen Texte von N = 2179 Schülerinnen und Schülern der 11. Jahrgangsstufe in Deutschland und der Schweiz vor. Zur Kodierung der Texte wurde die open source-Software The Common Text Analysis Platform (CTAP) eingesetzt, die linguistische Textmerkmale automatisch kodiert. Auf Basis dieser Textmerkmale wurden die vorliegenden Urteile von trainierten Kodiererinnen und Kodierern des Educational Testing Service (ETS) vorhersagt. Die Genauigkeit der Vorhersage erwies sich als zufriedenstellend ( r = .75; Anteil genauer Übereinstimmung: 42%) und konnte im Vergleich mit einer etablierten kommerziellen Software des ETS (e-rater®; r = .81; Anteil genauer Übereinstimmung: 42%) bestehen. Es wurden vergleichbare Ergebnisse für die lineare Regression sowie Gradient Boosting als Analysestrategien zur Vorhersage der menschlichen Urteile gefunden. Möglichkeiten und Limitationen der automatisierten Textbeurteilung und deren Anwendung in Forschung und Praxis werden diskutiert.

scholarly journals EXTERNALITIES AND PROPERTY AS GUIDING FACTOR FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMON POOL RESOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Diego De Melo Conti ◽  
Paulo Sergio Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Alan Tadeu de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
The Future ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common

:This article aims to reflect about how can be managed the common pool resources oriented by principles of externalities and property. Thus, the guiding concepts for decision making regarding these two factors were those of the positive or negative externalities generated from the exploration, and the use of a good as well as the aspects related to the property of resources. Based on the understanding that resources can be categorized, as being rivals and / or excluders, and their consume generate externalities to other social actors in the present, as well as to their own possessors or potential users in the future. Therefore, based on the study of these relationships, a better decision-making process can be reached on the issues of ownership of access, and on management as to the preservation and use of common pool resources. Moreover, it is necessary to understand that every resource consumed promotes, at some point, positive or negative externalities to other individuals. In addition, the simple monetization of resources does not solve the problem of negative externalities. Therefore, based on the categorization of the property that has to be exercised, and the externalities, it is possible to understand how to manage a common pool resource. This situation helps to understand the exercise of control and usufruct of the common pools.

scholarly journals Open-Source or Open-Slather? Governing Blockchain Applications as Common-Pool Resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Howell ◽  
Petrus H Potgieter ◽  
Bert M Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Common Pool

No description supplied

scholarly journals Relevant factors for collective action in the common-pool resources context

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Andréia Maria Kremer ◽  
Rafael Todescato Cavalheiro ◽  
Olivier François Vilpoux
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relevant Factors
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