Optimal Distinctiveness at Multiple Levels: Examining the Impact of Within- and Between- Organization Distinctiveness of Product Design on Market Performance

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global event with unprecedented impact on individuals and communities around the world. The purpose of this study is to use a modified photo-elicitation methodology to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of medical students and their communities around the world. Methods Participating medical students were asked to take photographs for 14 days. In lieu of an interview, which is customary for photo-elicitation projects, participants were asked to share a reflection (a paragraph or two) for each photograph they contributed to the study. Results Between April 27th, 2020 and May 11th, 2020 26 students from 19 medical schools across 13 countries shared photographs and reflections. Qualitative analysis of written reflections revealed that medical students felt the impact of the pandemic on several levels 1) individual, 2) interpersonal, 3) educational, and 4) societal. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of medical students on multiple levels. As individuals, students felt emotional distress but found resilience through physical activity and the establishment of new routines. Many students felt isolated as their interpersonal relationships were confined due to social distancing measures. These feelings could be combated with new educational initiatives focused on group collaboration. Lastly, students reflecting on the larger societal implications were concerned with the economic ramifications of the virus and its impact on their future. This study brought together students from several different countries to engage in an applied learning program as a model for equitable global health research.

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Epidemics and Chinese firms' stock returns: is COVID-19 different?

China Finance Review International ◽

10.1108/cfri-03-2021-0053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Quang Thi Thieu Nguyen ◽

Dao Le Trang Anh ◽

Christopher Gan

Keyword(s):

Stock Returns ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Market Performance ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Stock Exchanges ◽

Content Type ◽

Event Study Method ◽

Economic Shock ◽

The Impact

PurposeThis study investigates the Chinese stocks' returns during different epidemic periods to assess their effects on firms' market performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs an event study method on more than 3,000 firms listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges during periods of SARS, H5N1, H7N9 and COVID-19FindingsEpidemics' effect on firms' stock returns is persistent up to 10 days after the event dates. Although the impact varies with types and development of the disease, most firms experience a negative impact of the epidemics. Among the epidemics, COVID-19 has the greatest impact, especially when it grows into a pandemic. The epidemics' impact is uneven across industries. In addition, B-shares and stocks listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange are more negatively influenced by the epidemic than A-shares and those listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study contribute to the limited literature on the effects of disease outbreaks as an economic shock on firm market performance. Given the possibility of other epidemics in the future, the study provides guidance for investors in designing an appropriate investing strategy to cope with the epidemic shocks to the market.Originality/valueThe research is novel in the way it compares and assesses the economic impact of different epidemics on firms and considers their impact at different development stages.

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Loss aversion, overconfidence of investors and their impact on market performance evidence from the US stock markets

Journal of Economics Finance and Administrative Science ◽

10.1108/jefas-07-2017-0081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (50) ◽

pp. 451-478

Author(s):

Ahmed Bouteska ◽

Boutheina Regaieg

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Loss Aversion ◽

Market Performance ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Company Performance ◽

Service Firms ◽

Content Type ◽

The Us ◽

The Impact

Purpose The current study aims to investigate the impacts of two behavioral biases, namely, loss aversion and overconfidence on the performance of US companies. First, the impact of loss aversion on the economic performance of companies was assessed. Second, the impact of overconfidence on market performance was discussed. Design/methodology/approach This study used around 6,777 quarterly observations on the population of US-insured industrial and services companies over the 2006-2016 period. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression in two panel data models were used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. Findings It was documented that the loss-aversion bias negatively affects the economic performance of companies and this is achieved for both sectors. In contrast, the findings suggest that overconfidence positively affects market performance of industrial firms but negatively affects market performance in service firms. Further robust evidence was found that overconfidence bias seems to be dominant, and hence, investors may tend to be more overconfident rather than more loss-averse. Originality/value This research can be extended by focusing on the following question: What is the impact of the contradictory (positive and negative) effects of an investor's loss aversion and overconfidence on the US company performance in case of realization of a stock market crisis or stock market crash?

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Research on the impact and trend of computer-aided for product design

2010 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing ◽

10.1109/cinc.2010.5643850 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Yongxiang Liu ◽

Jiacheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Product Design ◽

Computer Aided ◽

The Impact

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Exchange characteristics, capability upgrading and innovation performance: evidence from Latin America

Journal of Knowledge Management ◽

10.1108/jkm-07-2018-0447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 1747-1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Nuruzzaman ◽

Deeksha Singh

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Product Design ◽

Social Capital Theory ◽

Customer Relationship ◽

Firm Level ◽

Content Type ◽

Joint Force ◽

Capability Upgrading ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Purpose This paper aims to attempt to examine the effect of firm-customer exchange characteristics, frequency and specificity, on the likelihood of the firm to generate customer-driven innovation. The authors draw from social capital theory and argue that repetitive and customer-specific exchange improves the trusts between firm and customers, which in turn ease the flows of tacit knowledge from customers to the firm. From the perspective of customer knowledge management, the authors contribute by examining the mechanism by which a firm can acquire knowledge from and about customers. The authors further argue that a firm’s ability to absorb knowledge from customers and turn them into innovation also depends on its internal capability. A firm that consistently upgrades its capacity is more likely to generate customer-driven innovation than those that do not. Also, the authors argue that the joint effect of exchange characteristics and internal capability upgrading can further increase the likelihood of customer-driven innovation. Such a joint force implies the positive moderating effect of internal capability upgrading to the relationship between exchange characteristics and customer-driven innovation. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the hypotheses on 3,000 firms from six countries in Latin America. They take advantage of the 2017 World Bank Enterprises Survey. This most recent of the survey asks questions on various types of innovation and firm-customers exchange characteristics and other firm-level variables. Findings The authors find support for our hypotheses that repeated exchange and exchanges tailored to specific customers have a positive effect on customer-driven innovation. Also, they find the support that internal capability upgrading, in the form of investment in product design, marketing and organizational development has a positive effect on customer-driven innovation. The authors also find that investment in product design positively moderates the impact of exchange characteristics on the likelihood of customer-driven innovation. Originality/value While past studies focus on strategies to acquire and manage customers’ knowledge, little has been said about how exchange attributes can encourage or discourage innovation? This question is important because various theoretical perspectives may have a different prediction on the effect of firm-customer relationship and innovation. This study attempts to bridge such theoretical tension.

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