Lower SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral Immunity in People Living With HIV-1 Recovered From Symptomatic Non-Hospitalized COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Schuster ◽  
Shelly T. Karuna ◽  
Caroline Brackett ◽  
Martina Wesley ◽  
Shuying S. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadien M. Nijmeijer ◽  
Marta Bermejo-Jambrina ◽  
Tanja M. Kaptein ◽  
Carla M. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Doris Wilflingseder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractSemen is important in determining HIV-1 susceptibility but it is unclear how it affects virus transmission during sexual contact. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 during sexual contact and have a barrier function as LCs are restrictive to HIV-1. As semen from people living with HIV-1 contains complement-opsonized HIV-1, we investigated the effect of complement on HIV-1 dissemination by human LCs in vitro and ex vivo. Notably, pre-treatment of HIV-1 with semen enhanced LC infection compared to untreated HIV-1 in the ex vivo explant model. Infection of LCs and transmission to target cells by opsonized HIV-1 was efficiently inhibited by blocking complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 enhanced uptake, fusion, and integration by LCs leading to an increased transmission of HIV-1 to target cells. However, in the absence of both CR3 and CR4, C-type lectin receptor langerin was able to restrict infection of complement-opsonized HIV-1. These data suggest that complement enhances HIV-1 infection of LCs by binding CR3 and CR4, thereby bypassing langerin and changing the restrictive nature of LCs into virus-disseminating cells. Targeting complement factors might be effective in preventing HIV-1 transmission.

scholarly journals Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5304
Author(s):  
Ana Santos-Pereira ◽  
Vera Triunfante ◽  
Pedro M. M. Araújo ◽  
Joana Martins ◽  
Helena Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). Since Brazil presents the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South America we aimed at understanding the dynamics of DRM in this country. We analyzed a total of 20,226 HIV-1 sequences collected from PLWH undergoing ART between 2008–2017. Results show a mild decline of DRM over the years but an increase of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation from 2.23% to 12.11%. This increase gradually occurred following alterations in the ART regimens replacing zidovudine (AZT) with tenofovir (TDF). PLWH harboring the K65R had significantly higher viral loads than those without this mutation (p < 0.001). Among the two most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes (B and C) there was a significant (p < 0.001) association of K65R with subtype C (11.26%) when compared with subtype B (9.27%). Nonetheless, evidence for K65R transmission in Brazil was found both for C and B subtypes. Additionally, artificial neural network-based immunoinformatic predictions suggest that K65R could enhance viral recognition by HLA-B27 that has relatively low prevalence in the Brazilian population. Overall, the results suggest that tenofovir-based regimens need to be carefully monitored particularly in settings with subtype C and specific HLA profiles.

scholarly journals 834. Characterization of Heavily Treatment Experienced HIV-1 Infected Clinical Trial Participants Infected with SARS-CoV-2 COVID 19: Fostemsavir BRIGHTE Phase 3 Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S509-S509
Author(s):  
Shiven Chabria ◽  
Stephane De Wit ◽  
Amy Pierce ◽  
Bronagh M Shepherd ◽  
Michael Warwick-Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background BRIGHTE is an ongoing global study evaluating the gp120 attachment inhibitor fostemsavir (FTR) in heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) adults with multidrug resistant (MDR) HIV-1 unable to form a viable antiretroviral (ARV) regimen. An estimated 2 million people living with HIV-1 have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Those with HIV viremia and/or low CD4+ counts are at increased risk of serious adverse outcome. We describe the reported COVID cases in a clinical trial population of people living with MDR HIV and immune suppression. Methods At the start of the COVID pandemic, all ongoing BRIGHTE subjects had achieved ≥ 192 weeks on FTR and optimized background ARVs; results through Week 96 were presented previously. Investigators used WHO guidelines for COVID diagnosis and reported exposure, testing results and symptom presence. Figure 1. BRIGHTE Study Design Results 371 subjects [272 Randomized Cohort (RC), 99 Non-Randomized Cohort (NC)] were enrolled; 44% were ≥ 50 years of age and 86% had an AIDS history. Median CD4+ count at study start of was 80 cells/mm3 (IQR 11–202); 30% with ≤ 20 cells/mm3. 250 subjects remained in BRIGHTE at pandemic start. By April 2021, 17 subjects (14 RC, 3 NC) had confirmed COVID infection (positive PCR test). Severity was Grade 1-3, all cases resolved with no deaths. Six subjects were hospitalized (Table 1); most recent CD4+ count prior to COVID were 293-1641 cells/mm3 and 5/6 subjects were virologically suppressed. Treatments often included prophylactic anticoagulants and supplemental oxygen; no cART changes were made. The remaining 11/17 confirmed cases were managed outpatient. Five more subjects had suspect COVID not confirmed by PCR and 2 subjects had negative PCR tests. Table 1. Characterization of Participants with Serious AEs of Confirmed COVID-19 Infections – All Hospitalizations Conclusion A total of 22/250 COVID-19 cases (17 confirmed, 5 unconfirmed) have been reported in BRIGHTE. Outcomes were reassuring with no deaths or known persistent sequelae, despite having advanced HIV and comorbid diseases at baseline associated with poorer COVID outcomes. Outcomes may have benefitted from immunologic improvement during the trial. Disclosures Shiven Chabria, MD, Viiv Healthcare (Employee) Stephane De Wit, MD, Gilead (Grant/Research Support)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)Merck Sharpe & Dohme (Grant/Research Support)ViiV Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Amy Pierce, BS, GlaxoSmithKline (Shareholder)ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Bronagh M. Shepherd, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder) Michael Warwick-Sanders, BM BSc DPM MFPM, GSK (Employee) Marcia Wang, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder) Andrew Clark, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Shareholder)ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Peter Ackerman, MD, GSK/ViiV Healthcare (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals Comorbidities associated with HPV and HSV infections among people living with HIV-1 in the Southeastern US: a retrospective clinical cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfan Ye ◽  
Greer A. Burkholder ◽  
Howard W. Wiener ◽  
Russell Griffin ◽  
Stella Aslibekyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
White Women ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Clinical Cohort ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background The southeastern US is a domestic epicenter for incident HIV with high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) co-infections. However, epidemics of HPV and HSV- associated clinical conditions (CC) among people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) are not fully known. Methods Electronic medical records (EMR) of PLWH attending one of the leading HIV clinics in the southeastern US between 2006 and 2018 were reviewed and analyzed. The retrospective study was nested within the University of Alabama at Birmingham HIV clinical cohort, which has electronically collected over 7000 PLWH’s clinical and sociobehavioral data since 1999. Incidence rates of HPV-related CC including anogenital warts, penile, anal, cervical, and vaginal/vulvar low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL) and HSV- related CC including anogenital herpetic ulcers were estimated in per 10000 person years. Joinpoint regressions were performed to examine temporal changes in the trends of incident CC. All rates and trends were stratified by gender and race. Results Of the 4,484 PLWH eligible individuals (3,429 men, 1,031 women, and 24 transgender), we observed 1,038 and 425 patients with HPV-and HSV-related CC respectively, and 163 patients with both conditions. The mean log10 viral load (VL) was higher in all of the case groups than the non-cases with neither conditions (5.0) (whereas the median nadir CD4 counts (cells/uL) was higher in the non-cases than in any of the case groups (P<0.05). Anogenital warts, anal LSIL, HSIL, and cancer were more likely to be diagnosed among HIV-infected men than women. White men presented more frequently with anal LSIL and anal and penile cancers than black men (P<0.03). White women were also more likely to be diagnosed with cervical HSIL (P=0.023) and cancer (P=0.037) than black women By contrast, herpetic ulcers were more frequent in women than men. Conclusions There were significant differences between gender and race with incidence of HPV- and HSV-related CC among HIV patients. EMR-based studies provide insights on understudied epidemics; however, large-scale studies in other regions are needed to generalize current findings and draw public health attention to co-infection induced non-AIDS defining comorbidities among PLWH.

scholarly journals EBV AND HHV-6 CIRCULATING SUBTYPES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN BURKINA FASO, IMPACT ON CD4 T CELL COUNT AND HIV VIRAL LOAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lassina TRAORE ◽  
Ouéogo NIKIEMA ◽  
Abdoul Karim OUATTARA ◽  
Tegwindé Rébéca COMPAORE ◽  
Serge Théophile SOUBEIGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6) are responsible for severe diseases, particularly in immunocompromised persons. There are poor data on the infection with these opportunistic viruses in Burkina Faso.The purpose of this study is to characterize EBV and HHV-6 subtypes and to assess their impact on CD4 T cell count, HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV-1.The study population consisted of 238 HIV-positive patients with information on CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and HAART. Venous blood samples collected on EDTA tubes were used for EBV and HHV-6 Real Time PCR subtyping.An infection rate of 6.7% (16/238) and 7.1% (17/238) were found respectively for EBV and HHV-6 in the present study. Among EBV infections, similar prevalences were noted for both subtypes (3.9% [9/238] for EBV-1 vs 4.6% [11/238] for EBV-2) with 2.1% (5/238) of co-infection. HHV-6A infection represented 6.3% (15/238) of the study population against 5.0% (12/238) for HHV-6B. . EBV-2 infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4 count ≥ 500 compared to those with CD4 count less than 500 cells (1.65% vs 8.56%, p = 0,011). The prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 infections were almost similar in HAART-naive and HAART-experienced patients.The present study provides information on the prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 subtypes in people living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. The study also suggests that HAART treatment has no effect on infection with these opportunistic viruses in people living with HIV-1.

scholarly journals The lncRNA LOC102549805 (U1) modulates neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Torkzaban ◽  
Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan ◽  
Taha Mohseni Ahooyi ◽  
Masoud Shekarabi ◽  
Shohreh Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Tat Protein ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Neuronal Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract HIV-1 Tat is a potent neurotoxic protein that is released by HIV-1 infected cells in the brain and perturbs neuronal homeostasis, causing a broad range of neurological disorders in people living with HIV-1. Furthermore, the effects of Tat have been addressed in numerous studies to investigate the molecular events associated with neuronal cells survival and death. Here, we discovered that exposure of rat primary neurons to Tat resulted in the up-regulation of an uncharacterized long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LOC102549805 (lncRNA-U1). Our observations showed that increased expression of lncRNA-U1 in neurons disrupts bioenergetic pathways by dysregulating homeostasis of Ca2+, mitigating mitochondrial oxygen reduction, and decreasing ATP production, all of which point mitochondrial impairment in neurons via the Tat-mediated lncRNA-U1 induction. These changes were associated with imbalances in autophagy and apoptosis pathways. Additionally, this study showed the ability of Tat to modulate expression of the neuropeptide B/W receptor 1 (NPBWR1) gene via up-regulation of lncRNA-U1. Collectively, our results identified Tat-mediated lncRNA-U1 upregulation resulting in disruption of neuronal homeostasis.

scholarly journals Non-AIDS-related comorbidities in people living with HIV-1 aged 50 years and older: The AGING POSITIVE study

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosário Serrão ◽  
Carmela Piñero ◽  
Jorge Velez ◽  
Daniel Coutinho ◽  
Fernando Maltez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Study ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals First-line antiretroviral therapy and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV-1 in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pefura Yone ◽  
Awa Betyoumin ◽  
André Kengne ◽  
François Kaze Folefack ◽  
Jeanne Ngogang
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Bioenergetic adaptations to HIV infection. Could modulation of energy substrate utilization improve brain health in people living with HIV-1?

2020 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 113181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragney Deme ◽  
Camilo Rojas ◽  
Barbara S. Slusher ◽  
Raina Rais ◽  
Zahra Afghah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals 1313. Complementary Effects of Medical Follow-up and Virologic Suppression for Reincarcerated Inmates Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S474-S474
Author(s):  
Melissa E Badowski ◽  
R Kane Stafford ◽  
Brian W Drummond ◽  
Thomas D Chiampas ◽  
Sarah M Michienzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Although prison presents an opportunity to achieve virologic suppression (VS) among people living with HIV, continued success is not guaranteed upon release. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed in reincarcerated Illinois prisoners from January 1, 2016 to July 31, 2018. Patients were included if they were age ≥18 years, carried a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the time of release, and had CD4 and HIV-1 RNA labs drawn within 6 months of release and reincarceration. Potential subjects were excluded if reincarcerated within 30 days due to a technical violation and not receiving ART at the time of prison release. Primary and secondary endpoints were percent of patients achieving VS upon reincarceration and percent of patients following at an HIV clinic while released. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square, and paired t-tests. Results Among 505 patients released during the study period, 95 patients were reincarcerated and 80 were included (Figure 1). Demographic information can be found in Table 1. Fifty-one patients (64%) reported follow-up at an HIV clinic while released, whereas 29 (36%) did not. Patients who had VS at the time of prison release were more likely to make their follow-up appointment (90%) compared with those who did not (69%) (P < 0.001). In addition, patients making their follow-up appointment were also more likely to have VS at the time of reincarceration (86% vs. 10%, P < 0.001). Recidivist patients adherent to ART were less likely to experience decreases in mean CD4 count (P = 0.03) (Table 2). Subjects reporting a history of substance use were more likely not to re-engage in post-release HIV care (P = 0.001), but no difference was noted in patients with a documented psychiatric history (P = 0.2). Conclusion Patients failing to meet VS at the time of prison release should be targeted for more intensive re-entry medical and case management support to ensure adherence to follow-up and maintenance of immunologic function. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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