scholarly journals In-Kind Transfers, Marketization Costs and Household Specialization: Evidence from Indian Farmers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Li
Keyword(s):  
Household Specialization

scholarly journals Household Specialization and the Male Marriage Wage Premium

ILR Review ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Hersch ◽  
Leslie S. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Wage Premium ◽  
Household Specialization ◽  
Marriage Wage Premium

scholarly journals The Gender Wage Gap Opens Long before Motherhood. Panel Evidence on Early Careers in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benita Combet ◽  
Daniel Oesch
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Employer Discrimination ◽  
Household Specialization

According to a popular argument in economics, the gender wage gap persists not because of employer discrimination against women, but because of the differential investment of fathers and mothers into paid work and the household. We test this argument by comparing the evolution of wages between men and women before the onset of family formation and gendered household specialization. We use a cohort study of young adults for Switzerland (TREE 2000–2014) and match the two sexes on their intellectual ability and educational attainment before they enter the labour market. We then use the ensuing survey waves to account for human capital and job characteristics as well as for values towards work and family. We replicate our analysis with a second panel study of Swiss graduate students. We find in both cohort studies an unexplained gender wage gap of between 3 to 6 percent in favour of men. This result suggests that young women earn lower wages than young men with the same productive characteristics long before they have children. Translated into annual wages, this means that young women lose out on half a monthly wage each year in comparison to young men.

scholarly journals When Work Disappears: Manufacturing Decline and the Falling Marriage Market Value of Young Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Autor ◽  
David Dorn ◽  
Gordon Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Household Specialization ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Living Circumstances

We exploit the gender-specific components of large-scale labor demand shocks stemming from rising international manufacturing competition to test how shifts in the relative economic stature of young men versus young women affected marriage, fertility, and children’s living circumstances during 1990–2014. On average, trade shocks differentially reduce employment and earnings of young adult males. Consistent with Becker’s model of household specialization, shocks to males’ relative earnings reduce marriage and fertility. Consistent with prominent sociological accounts, these shocks heighten male idleness and premature mortality, and raise the share of mothers who are unwed and the share of children living in below-poverty, single-headed households. (JEL F16, J12, J13, J16, J23, J31, L60)

scholarly journals Specialization Then and Now: Marriage, Children, and the Gender Earnings Gap across Cohorts

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinhui Juhn ◽  
Kristin McCue
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Gender Earnings Gap ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Household Specialization

In this paper, we examine the evolution of the gender gap associated with marriage and parental status, comparing cohorts born between 1936 and 1985. The model of household specialization and division of labor introduced by Becker posits that when forming households, couples will exploit the gains from trade by having one spouse specialize in market work while the other specializes in household work. Given the historical advantage of men in the labor market, the model predicts specialization by gender and therefore an earnings advantage for married men and an earnings disadvantage for married women. Is this model of specialization useful for understanding the evolution of the gender gap across generations of women. And what about children? Academic papers have shown that wages of mothers are significantly lower than those of non-mothers with similar human capital characteristics. We do not attempt to build a structural model here, but rather document how changing associations between marriage and earnings, and between children and earnings, have contributed to the gender gap in an “accounting” sense.

scholarly journals Do Women Really Face Wage Discrimination on the Labour Market? An Analysis Using Intra-household Specialization

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Hedija
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Household Specialization ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to estimate the gender pay gap, cleansed at least partially of the effect of intra-household specialization on productivity. The estimate is based on EU-SILC data for 19 member countries of the European Union. We use an estimate of the average treatment effect on the treated, supplemented by a matching procedure to estimate the unexplained part of the gender pay gap and use a subsample of employees earning more than their partners, thus minimizing the impact of child- and family-care on the gender pay gap. We conclude that the unexplained gender pay gap amounts approximately 10 percent working to the disadvantage of women. If we assume that the dominant role in family- and child-care is taken up by the partner earnings a lower wage, then this difference could neither be explained by differences in the observed personal and company characteristics nor by the dominant role of women in care for the household and children and could actually be due to wage discrimination against women.

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