Kitchen Ventilation Alleviated Adverse Associations of Domestic Fuel Use and Long-Duration Cooking with Platelet Indices as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Hou ◽  
Zhenxing Mao ◽  
Xiaoqin Song ◽  
Ning Kang ◽  
Caiyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Domestic Fuel

2. Efficient Domestic Fuel Use in Chile

Do It Herself ◽  
1995 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Waldo Bustamante Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Use ◽  
Domestic Fuel

scholarly journals EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF DOMESTIC FUEL USE IN HOMES IN KHAYELITSHA, WESTERN CAPE

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
R. Truter ◽  
S. Mbuli ◽  
R. Bailie ◽  
I. Danford ◽  
A.P.S. Terblanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Domestic Fuel

The pattern of fuel use in Lower socio-economic class homes in the Western Cape differs from that in Gauteng province, in that the use of paraffn and gas predominates. The degree of exposure to gaseous and particulate pollutants as a result of the use of these fuels is not well documented. It is against this background that the study to assess the potential health impacts of air pollution emitted from domestic fuel use in the Western Cape area was conducted. The project collected data on exposure to air pollution in households using paraffin and/or gas and wood in comparison to those using electricity. The study consisted of a pollution monitoring survey and the administration of a questionnaire in each of the homes selected. Pollutants were measured. These were sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and total suspended particulates. Co-located sampling was also performed in one home of each group, measuring indoor and outdoor concentrations simaltaneously. The results indicate that the homes using mixed fuels had higher levels of indoor air pollution than those which used mainly electricity, or electricity and gas or paraffin. However, these levels were low when compared to coal and wood burning homes in the Gauteng province. This limited exposure assessment study confirms the hypothesis that paraffin (and gas) are cleaner from an air pollution point of view than coal or wood. The respiratory health risks associated with the use of gas and paraffin would therefore be lower than those associated with wood or coal. From an airpollution perspective, the increased use of the former will make a positive contribution. However, promotion of these fuels is constrained by the serious safety concerns around the use ofparaffin in lower socio-economic areas.

scholarly journals Study of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Can Be Comparable with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Reham M. Abdalla ◽  
Abdallah A. Elsawy ◽  
Mohamed H. Alshafi ◽  
Abdelmoteleb T. Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Long Duration

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Cardiovascular manifestations are common in SLE, which may have a wide range of severity and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases. One of the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is DM, which is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients. Aim of the Work:  evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis as a predictor for CVD in patients with SLE and DM. Methods: 50 SLE patients, 50 T2DM patients, 50 diabetic SLE patients and 50 healthy controlled subjects were enrolled in this study. They were undergone to Doppler examination of the extra-cranial portion of the carotid and femoral arteries measuring the intima-media thickness. Result: In SLE the subclinical atherosclerosis was present in 22% of patients and was significantly associated with older age (p˂0,001), high blood pressure (p=0,023), overweight (p=0,004), proteinuria (p˂0,001), total cholesterol (p=0,004), active disease (p=0,007), high SLEDAI score (p˂0,001) and long duration of SLE (p˂0,001); whereas in diabetic patients the subclinical atherosclerosis was documented in 24% and was significantly associated with older age (p˂0,001), overweight (p˂0,001), proteinuria (p˂0,001), low hemoglobin (p=0,041), total cholesterol (p=0,001), LDL (p˂0,001), uncontrolled diabetes (p=0,005) and long duration of diabetes (p=0,001) but in SLE diabetic patients the subclinical atherosclerosis was documented in 44% of patients. Conclusion: Subclinical atherosclerosis is frequent in patients with SLE and increases with increased disease activity. Subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE diabetic patients was significantly more than that in SLE or diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Variations in platelet indices in hypercholesterolemia patients in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Janani K ◽  
Muthuvel E ◽  
Sudha Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Medical College

Hypercholesterolemia is defined as high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Platelet indices include: Plateletcrit (PCT), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) and Mean platelet volume (MPV). Hypercholesterolemia is associated with the increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis which in turn results in platelet activation and thrombotic events. This study is aimed to evaluate the variations in platelet indices in adults with hypercholesterolemia which may be significant in indicating cardiovascular diseases. It is a retrospective case-control study which includes 50 patients with a total cholesterol level of more than 170mg/dl as the study group and 50 healthy controls with normal lipid profile parameters. Data were collected from the lipid profile register in the Biochemistry department of Saveetha Medical College for 3 months duration. The fasting blood samples were run in the machine ‘vitros 5600 dry chemistry’. The lipid profile values included in this study were Total cholesterol, HDL and TGL. The platelet indices were collected from the automated haematology analyzer 'Sysmex XN 1000' from the Pathology Department, Saveetha Medical College. The data collected were tabulated and analysed using SPSS software. Statistical tool used is the independent T-test. The mean value of the platelet parameters such as MPV, PCT and PDW in the study group was 10.397061, .3000, and 12.452 respectively and that of the control group was 9.907480, .2882, 11.174 respectively. On comparing the platelet parameters such as MPV, PCT and PDW between the study and the control group it was observed that there was a significant variation in MPV and PDW. In the independent sample test, the p-value of MPV, PCT and PDW were 0.21, 0.481 and 0.008, respectively. Thus MPV and PDW shows a significant variation between the study and the control group as it is higher in hypercholesterolemia patients (p-value is <0.05).

scholarly journals Understanding domestic fuel use practices in an urban township

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo Sole ◽  
Claire Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Use ◽  
Urban Township ◽  
Domestic Fuel

The LDE-Type Flare Occurrence (1969-1993)

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
A. Antalová
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cycle Maximum ◽  
Flare Index

AbstractThe occurrence of LDE-type flares in the last three cycles has been investigated. The Fourier analysis spectrum was calculated for the time series of the LDE-type flare occurrence during the 20-th, the 21-st and the rising part of the 22-nd cycle. LDE-type flares (Long Duration Events in SXR) are associated with the interplanetary protons (SEP and STIP as well), energized coronal archs and radio type IV emission. Generally, in all the cycles considered, LDE-type flares mainly originated during a 6-year interval of the respective cycle (2 years before and 4 years after the sunspot cycle maximum). The following significant periodicities were found:• in the 20-th cycle: 1.4, 2.1, 2.9, 4.0, 10.7 and 54.2 of month,• in the 21-st cycle: 1.2, 1.6, 2.8, 4.9, 7.8 and 44.5 of month,• in the 22-nd cycle, till March 1992: 1.4, 1.8, 2.4, 7.2, 8.7, 11.8 and 29.1 of month,• in all interval (1969-1992):a)the longer periodicities: 232.1, 121.1 (the dominant at 10.1 of year), 80.7, 61.9 and 25.6 of month,b)the shorter periodicities: 4.7, 5.0, 6.8, 7.9, 9.1, 15.8 and 20.4 of month.Fourier analysis of the LDE-type flare index (FI) yields significant peaks at 2.3 - 2.9 months and 4.2 - 4.9 months. These short periodicities correspond remarkably in the all three last solar cycles. The larger periodicities are different in respective cycles.

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

Relation Between Level of Prefrontal Activity and Subject's Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Casini ◽  
Françoise Macar ◽  
Marie-Hélène Giard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Practice Phase ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Abstract The experiment reported here was aimed at determining whether the level of brain activity can be related to performance in trained subjects. Two tasks were compared: a temporal and a linguistic task. An array of four letters appeared on a screen. In the temporal task, subjects had to decide whether the letters remained on the screen for a short or a long duration as learned in a practice phase. In the linguistic task, they had to determine whether the four letters could form a word or not (anagram task). These tasks allowed us to compare the level of brain activity obtained in correct and incorrect responses. The current density measures recorded over prefrontal areas showed a relationship between the performance and the level of activity in the temporal task only. The level of activity obtained with correct responses was lower than that obtained with incorrect responses. This suggests that a good temporal performance could be the result of an efficacious, but economic, information-processing mechanism in the brain. In addition, the absence of this relation in the anagram task results in the question of whether this relation is specific to the processing of sensory information only.

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