Exploring a More Reasonable Temperature Exposure Calculation Method Based on Individual Exposure Survey and City-Scale Heat Exposure Impact Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Wang ◽  
Yujia Huang ◽  
Fuzhen Shen ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Jianlin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
Temperature Exposure

scholarly journals Using naturalistic incubation temperatures to demonstrate how variation in the timing and continuity of heat wave exposure influences phenotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1932) ◽  
pp. 20200992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Breitenbach ◽  
Amanda W. Carter ◽  
Ryan T. Paitz ◽  
Rachel M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Face ◽  
Temperature Exposure

Most organisms are exposed to bouts of warm temperatures during development, yet we know little about how variation in the timing and continuity of heat exposure influences biological processes. If heat waves increase in frequency and duration as predicted, it is necessary to understand how these bouts could affect thermally sensitive species, including reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). In a multi-year study using fluctuating temperatures, we exposed Trachemys scripta embryos to cooler, male-producing temperatures interspersed with warmer, female-producing temperatures (heat waves) that varied in either timing during development or continuity and then analysed resulting sex ratios. We also quantified the expression of genes involved in testis differentiation ( Dmrt1 ) and ovary differentiation ( Cyp19A1 ) to determine how heat wave continuity affects the expression of genes involved in sexual differentiation. Heat waves applied during the middle of development produced significantly more females compared to heat waves that occurred just 7 days before or after this window, and even short gaps in the continuity of a heat wave decreased the production of females. Continuous heat exposure resulted in increased Cyp19A1 expression while discontinuous heat exposure failed to increase expression in either gene over a similar time course. We report that even small differences in the timing and continuity of heat waves can result in drastically different phenotypic outcomes. This strong effect of temperature occurred despite the fact that embryos were exposed to the same number of warm days during a short period of time, which highlights the need to study temperature effects under more ecologically relevant conditions where temperatures may be elevated for only a few days at a time. In the face of a changing climate, the finding that subtle shifts in temperature exposure result in substantial effects on embryonic development becomes even more critical.

The Spectrometric Determination of the Individual Exposure Rate for Gamma Nuclides From an Environmental Radiation Detector

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Yong Ji ◽  
Kun Ho Chung ◽  
Wanno Lee ◽  
Doo-Won Park ◽  
Mun-Ja Kang
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Total Ratio

For making the spectrometric determination of the exposure rate from the environment as well as the radioactive material more practical, an accurate calculation method of the individual exposure rate for the detected gamma nuclides from that spectrum should be suggested without the sophisticated calibration procedure. In this study, the calculation method for the individual exposure rate for detected gamma nuclides from a 3″×3″ NaI(Tl) detector was suggested by introducing the concept of the dose rate spectroscopy and the peak-to-total ratio in the energy spectrum for the exposure rate, which means just a form of multiplied counts and the value of a G-factor in the spectrum.

scholarly journals The Influence of High Temperature Exposure on the Wear of Selected HVOF Sprayed Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Houdková ◽  
Eva Smazalová
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Cohesive Strength ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
High Temperature Exposure ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

The influence of high temperature exposure on the mechanical and wear properties of selected HVOF sprayed CrC and No/Co – based alloy coatings were tested. Comparison of as-sprayed and 600°C/116 h annealed coatings’ microhardness, cohesive strength, abrasive and adhesive wear resistance showed that the Co-based Stellite 6 coating’s wear properties were deteriorated by heat exlosure despite of the increase of its hardness and cohesive strength. The heat exposure was found to be beneficial for both mechanical and wear properties of NiCrBSi self-fluxing coating. On the contrary, mechanical properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coating slightly decreased, while its wear resistance slightly increased as a result of high temperature exposure.

scholarly journals Effects of Accumulated And Transient Heat Exposure On Schizophrenia Hospitalizations: A Time-Series Analysis On Hourly Temperature Basis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Tang ◽  
Yifu Ji ◽  
Qingru Li ◽  
Zhenhai Yao ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Hourly Temperature ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Exposure Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: Growing studies have shown that high temperature is a potential risk factor of schizophrenia occurrence. Therefore, elaborate analysis of different temperature exposure patterns such as cumulative heat exposure within a time period and transient exposure at a particular time point, is of important public health significance. This study aims to utilize hourly temperature data to better capture the effects of cumulative and transient heat exposures on schizophrenia during the warm season in Hefei, China. Methods: We included the daily mean temperature and daily schizophrenia hospitalizations into the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to simulate the exposure-response curve and determine the heat threshold (19.4℃). We calculated and applied a novel indictor–daily excess heat hourly (DEHH) to examine the effects of cumulative heat exposure over a day on schizophrenia hospitalizations. Temperature measurements at each time point were also incorporated in the DLNM as independent exposure indicators to analyze the impact of transient heat exposure on schizophrenia. Results: Each increment of interquartile range (IQR) in DEHH was associated with elevated risk of schizophrenia hospitalizations from lag 1 (RR=1.036, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.016, 1.057) to lag 4 (RR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.046). Men and people over 40 years old were more susceptible to DEHH. Besides, we found a greater risk of heat-related schizophrenia hospitalizations between 0 am and 6 am.Conclusions: This study revealed the negative effects of accumulated and transient heat exposures on schizophrenia hospitalizations. Our findings need to be further tested in other regions with distinct regional features.

scholarly journals Spider Mites Singly Infected With Either Wolbachia or Spiroplasma Have Reduced Thermal Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xi Zhu ◽  
Zhang-Rong Song ◽  
Yi-Yin Zhang ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Xiao-Yue Hong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Replication ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Temperature Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Heritable symbionts play an essential role in many aspects of host ecology in a temperature-dependent manner. However, how temperature impacts the host and their interaction with endosymbionts remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of moderate (20°C) and high (30 and 35°C) temperatures on symbioses between the spider mite Tetranychus truncatus and two maternally inherited endosymbionts (Wolbachia and Spiroplasma). We found that the thermal tolerance of mites (as measured by survival after heat exposure) was lower for mites that were singly infected with either Wolbachia or Spiroplasma than it was for co-infected or uninfected mites. Although a relatively high temperature (30°C) is thought to promote bacterial replication, rearing at high temperature (35°C) resulted in losses of Wolbachia and particularly Spiroplasma. Exposing the mites to 20°C reduced the density and transmission of Spiroplasma but not Wolbachia. The four spider mite strains tested differed in the numbers of heat shock genes (Hsps) induced under moderate or high temperature exposure. In thermal preference (Tp) assays, the two Wolbachia-infected spider mite strains preferred a lower temperature than strains without Wolbachia. Our results show that endosymbiont-mediated spider mite responses to temperature stress are complex, involving a combination of changing endosymbiont infection patterns, altered thermoregulatory behavior, and transcription responses.

scholarly journals Post-conception heat exposure increases clinically unobserved pregnancy losses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hajdu ◽  
Gábor Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Human Embryo ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Compositional Change ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractEvidence of the relationship between temperature during pregnancy and human embryo mortality is limited. Most importantly, the literature lacks causal estimations and studies on early pregnancy losses. Here, we estimate the impact of early pregnancy temperature exposure on the clinically unobserved pregnancy loss rate. We use administrative data of clinically observed pregnancies from more than three decades for Hungary. We apply an empirical approach that allows us to infer the impact of temperature on the clinically unobserved pregnancy loss rate from the estimated effects on the clinically observed conception rate. The results show that exposure to hot temperatures during the first few weeks after the conception week increases the clinically unobserved pregnancy loss rate, whereas exposure to colder temperatures seems to decrease it. Importantly, the temperature-induced changes represent changes in the total number of pregnancy losses rather than a compositional change between clinically observed and clinically unobserved pregnancy losses.

scholarly journals Optimization of Waltheria indica Seed Dormancy Relief Treatments and Seed Storage Parameters

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184-1187
Author(s):  
Scott B. Lukas ◽  
Joseph DeFrank ◽  
Orville C. Baldos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Temperature Exposure

In Hawaii, Waltheria indica (uhaloa) has been identified for expanded usage as a roadside groundcover in lowland dry ecosystems. Seed dormancy through lack of germination of viable seeds was identified in uhaloa. The presence of physical dormancy in uhaloa seeds was determined and dormancy relief methods were evaluated including hand scarification, dry heat temperature exposure, hot water exposure, and mechanical abrasion in an electric drum scarifier. As a compliment to dormancy relief, long-term storage parameters were evaluated for scarified and nonscarified seeds. The elucidation of physical dormancy was determined through hand scarification, resulting in 96% germination compared with 8% of nonscarified seeds, but is not practical on a large-scale basis. The greatest practical dormancy relief was achieved with a mechanical electric drum scarifier lined with 80-grit sandpaper for a duration of 15 or 30 seconds producing 95% and 99% germination, respectively. Seeds immersed in boiling water for 3 and 5 seconds resulted in 58.6% and 57.7% germination, respectively. Dormancy relief through dry heat exposure was inferior to other relief methods, producing 39% germination at 75 °C for 60 minutes. Nonscarified seeds exhibited minimal loss of viability during 10 months of storage at 5 °C at 12% and 50% relative humidity (RH), but a significant decline in viability of scarified seeds was detected.

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