Therapeutic Potential of Orsellinic Acid-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles in Gelatin/Nanohydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Roshini Yadav ◽  
K. Balagangadharan ◽  
K. Lavanya ◽  
N Selvamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Orsellinic Acid

Formulation of Modified Release Atorvastatin Nanoparticles by Emulsion Interfacial Reaction Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2937-2940
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Sekar ◽  
Shee Sim May
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Vitro Release

The aim of the study is to formulate a modified release chitosan nanoparticles for the oral delivery of atorvastatin and to study the in vitro release of atorvastatin from chitosan nanoparticles. Atorvastatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared with different concentration of cross-linking agent (glutaraldehyde) by emulsion interfacial reaction method. The formed nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size and morphological characteristics by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Spherical and regular nanoparticles with the size range of 100-250nm were formed. Atorvastatin encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was found to be highest in ANP3, followed by ANP2 and ANP1. The in vitro release of atorvastatin was studied by membrane diffusion technique. The resulted cumulative percentage of drug released for ANP1, ANP2 and ANP3 were 60.08%, 34.81% and 20.39% respectively. Through this study, the nanoparticles preparation technique has shown to be a promising approach for enhancing the dissolution of hydrophobic drugs like atorvastatin calcium. The application of this novel delivery system offers good therapeutic potential in the management of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiates Antibiofilm Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busi Siddhardha ◽  
Uday Pandey ◽  
K. Kaviyarasu ◽  
Rajasekharreddy Pala ◽  
Asad Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Development

The application of nanotechnology in medicine is gaining popularity due to its ability to increase the bioavailability and biosorption of numerous drugs. Chrysin, a flavone constituent of Orocylumineicum vent is well-reported for its biological properties. However, its therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, chrysin was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles using TPP as a linker. The nanoparticles were characterized and investigated for their anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. At sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, the nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anti-biofilm efficacy against S. aureus as compared to its bulk counterparts, chrysin and chitosan. The decrease in the cell surface hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production indicated the inhibitory effect of the nanoparticles on the initial stages of biofilm development. The growth curve analysis revealed that at a sub-MIC, the nanoparticles did not exert a bactericidal effect against S. aureus. The findings indicated the anti-biofilm activity of the chrysin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their potential application in combating infections associated with S. aureus.

scholarly journals Hydrogel mechanical properties are more important than osteoinductive growth factors for bone formation with MSC spheroids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacklyn Whitehead ◽  
Katherine H. Griffin ◽  
Charlotte E. Vorwald ◽  
Marissa Gionet-Gonzales ◽  
Serena E. Cinque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Spheroid Formation ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can promote tissue repair in regenerative medicine, and their therapeutic potential is further enhanced via spheroid formation. We demonstrated that intraspheroidal presentation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) on hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles resulted in more spatially uniform MSC osteodifferentiation, providing a method to internally influence spheroid phenotype. Stress relaxation of hydrogels has emerged as a potent stimulus to enhance monodispersed MSC spreading and osteogenic differentiation, but the effect of hydrogel viscoelasticity on MSC spheroids has not been reported. Herein, we describe a materials-based approach to augment the osteogenic potential of entrapped MSC spheroids by leveraging the mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels. Compared to spheroids entrapped in covalently crosslinked, elastic alginate, calcium deposition of MSC spheroids was consistently increased in ionically crosslinked, viscoelastic alginate. We observed significant increases in calcium deposition by MSC spheroids loaded with BMP-2-HA in viscoelastic gels compared to soluble BMP-2, which was higher than all elastic alginate gels. Upon implantation in critically sized calvarial bone defects, we observed enhanced bone formation in all animals treated with viscoelastic hydrogels. Increases in bone formation were evident in viscoelastic gels, regardless of the mode of presentation of BMP-2 (i.e., soluble delivery or HA nanoparticles). These studies demonstrate that the dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic alginate are an effective strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC spheroids for bone formation and repair.

scholarly journals DSS-induced colitis produces inflammation-induced bone loss while irisin treatment mitigates the inflammatory state in both gut and bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne E. Metzger ◽  
S. Anand Narayanan ◽  
Jon P. Elizondo ◽  
Anne Michal Carter ◽  
David C. Zawieja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Gut Inflammation

Abstract Chronic pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to lack of bone accrual, bone loss, and increased fractures. Presently there is no cure, and many IBD treatments incur negative side effects. We previously discovered treatment with exogenous irisin resolved inflammatory changes in the colon, gut lymphatics, and bone in a mild IBD rodent model. Here we assess irisin treatment in severe IBD induced via dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Male Sprague Dawley rats (2-mo-old) were untreated (Con) or given 2% DSS in drinking water. In week two, half of each group (Con + Ir and DSS + Ir) received injections of recombinant irisin (i.p., 2x/wk). After 4 weeks, gut inflammation was associated with declines in bone mineral density and cancellous bone volume. Furthermore, elevated osteocyte TNF-α, interleukin-6, RANKL, OPG, and sclerostin corresponded with higher osteoclast surfaces and lower bone formation rate in DSS animals as well as lower ultimate load. While irisin treatment improved colon inflammation, there were no improvements in bone density or bone mechanical properties; however, irisin elevated bone formation rate, decreased osteoclast surfaces, and reduced osteocyte pro-inflammatory factors. These data highlight the negative impact of chronic gut inflammation on bone as well as the therapeutic potential of irisin as an anti-inflammatory treatment.

scholarly journals Increased Potential of Bone Formation With Intravenous Injection of Parathyroid Hormone-minicircle DNA Vector 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Woon Kim ◽  
Narae Park ◽  
Jaewoo Kang ◽  
Yena Kim ◽  
Hyerin Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein ◽  
Dna Vectors ◽  
Minicircle Dna

Abstract Background: Osteoporosis is usually treated with long-term usage of anti-osteoporotic agents. However, poor drug compliance and emerging side effects sometimes are limitations for the treatment of osteoporosis. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is needed for normal bone formation and remodeling. We attempted a new method using minicircle vectors (mc) encoding PTHrP analogs. Methods: We generated mc encoding the infusion of PTHrP 1-34 with 107-139 (mc 1-34+107-139). Ovariectomized (OVX) model was induced in 12-week-old C57BL/6 female mice. mc 1-34+107-139 was administered three times weekly via intravenous injections. Results: mc 1-34+107-139 significantly increased bone formation compared with the OVX group and decreased the bone resorption. PTHrP mc DNA vector was effective in increasing the quality of trabecular bone structure. Conclusions: These results provide experimental evidence for the therapeutic potential of minicircle DNA vectors in OVX model. This study is a first attempted proof-of-concept gene therapy using minicircle vectors for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Cosmoceutical and Therapeutic Potential of Isotretinoin Nanoparticulate Gel in Management of Acne

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovita Kanoujia ◽  
Alok Kumar Yadav ◽  
Priyanka Maurya ◽  
Samipta Singh ◽  
Abhishek Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Average Size

This study intended to develop and evaluate isotretinoin (ITR) loaded nanoparticles taking chitosan as a polymer of interest. Ionic crosslinking method was utilized to prepare nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were formulated using varying ratios (chitosan: tripolyphosphate) and evaluated for its size, distribution of size, zeta potential, percentage of ITR entrapped within nanoparticles, in vitro drug release and its stability under accelerated conditions. The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were spherical, white in color and free flowing, 321± 4.5 nm was the average size of optimized chitosan nanoparticles and it was able to entrap 88.76 ± 3.5%. The outcomes assured vast promise of the CNs of ITR (optimized) in management of acne and also increasing the therapeutic efficacy, thus establish to be a promising, effective and patient compliant formulation. INTRODUCTION Acne, a cutaneous pleomorphic condition of the pilosebaceous unit involving sebum production rate anomaly and described by inflammatory (pustules, nodules and papules) as well as non-inflammatory comedones (closed and/or open)(Knutson, 1974). Regular pus-forming microbes Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are responsible for development of many forms of acne vulgaris(Rawat, Tripathi et al., 2015). It is a pleomorphic disorder and can manifest at any time during life but it most commonly occurs between ages of 12-24 years, accounting effective 85% of population (Cordain, Lindeberg et al., 2002). P. acne is an anaerobic microorganismexisting in acne lesionsthat promotes inflammation through a variety of mechanisms and involved inproducing pro-inflammatory mediators that diffuses through the follicle wall (Itoh, Tsuchida et al., 2014). Prominent in adolescence and puberty, acne is definitely associated with function of sebaceous gland, which stimulate higher secretion of sebum androgenically (Singh, Gangwar et al., 2016).However, the consequential sebaceous

scholarly journals Wnt signaling in bone formation and its therapeutic potential for bone diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hwan Kim ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Jinhua Wang ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bone Diseases
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